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Gross Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

 Region of the body between the neck and the abdomen
 Separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm
 Flattened antero-posteriorly and rounded at the sides

A

Thorax

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2
Q

Framework of the walls of the thorax

A

Thoracic cage

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3
Q

Functions of thoracic cage

A
  • Protect vital thoracic and abdominal organs

- Provides attachment of neck, back upper limb, and abdominal musculature

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4
Q

Covered on the outside by skin and by muscles attached the shoulder girdle to the trunk

A

Thoracic wall

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5
Q

Lining of thoracic wall

A

Parietal pleura

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6
Q

Bones forming the thoracic cage

A
  • Anteriorly: sternum and costal cartilages
  • Posteriorly: vertebral column
  • Laterally: ribs and intercostal spaces
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7
Q

Bones forming the thoracic wall

A
  • Anteriorly: sternum and costal cartilages
  • Posteriorly: vertebral column
  • Laterally: ribs and intercostal spaces
  • Superiorly: suprapleural membrane
  • Inferiorly: diaphragm
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8
Q

2 thoracic apertures

A

Thoracic inlet/ superior thoracic aperture

Thoracic outlet/ inferior thoracic aperture

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9
Q

Boundaries of thoracic inlet

A

Anteriorly: superior border of the manubrium
Posteriorly: T1 vertebra
Laterally: medial border of the 1st pair of ribs and their costal cartilages

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10
Q

thoracic aperture Where esophagus, trachea, and many vessels and nerves pass through

A

Thoracic inlet

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11
Q

Thoracic aperture where closed by the diaphragm

A

Thoracic outlet

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12
Q

Boundaries of thoracic outlet

A

Anteriorly: xiphisternal joint
Posteriorly: T12 vertebra
Anterolaterally: costal cartilages of 7th to 10th ribs (costal margin)
Posterolaterally: 11th and 12th ribs

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13
Q

 Spaces between the ribs

 12 ribs, therefore 11 ______ – numbered for the rib superior to the space

A

Intercostal spaces

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14
Q

3 muscles of respiration

A

External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
Innermost intercostal muscles

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15
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

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16
Q

3 major spaces of thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum and 2 pulmonary cavities

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17
Q

Thoracic cavity space where it Contains heart, trachea, thymus, esophagus, and lymph nodes

A

Mediastinum

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18
Q

2 membranous sacs, one on each side of the thorax between the lungs and the thoracic walls

A

Pulmonary cavity

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19
Q

Bone that Lies in the midline of the anterior chest wall

A

sternum

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20
Q

Another term for sternum

A

Breastbone

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21
Q

Type of bone: sternum

A

Flat bone

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22
Q

3 parts of sternum

A

Manubrium
Body of the sternum
Xiphoid process

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23
Q

Articulating surfaces of manubrium

A

 Clavicle
 1st costal cartilage
 Body of sternum
 Upper part of the 2nd costal cartilage

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24
Q

Articulating surfaces of body of the sternum

A

 Manubrium
 Xiphoid process
 2nd to 7th costal cartilages

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25
Q

scalloped borders where costal cartilages articulate

A

Costal notches

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26
Q

Thin plate of cartilage that ossifies at proximal end during adult life

A

xiphoid process

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27
Q

Articulating surfaces of xiphoid process

A

Body of sternum

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28
Q

Joints of the sternum

A

Sternoclavicular
Manubriosternal
Xiphisternal

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29
Q

Type of joint: sternoclavicular

A

synovial joint: saddle

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30
Q

Type of joint: manubriosternal

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint

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31
Q

Type of joint: xiphisternal

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

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32
Q

Articulations of: sternoclavicular

A

Manubrium + clavicle

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33
Q

Articulations of: manubriosternal

A

Manubrium + body of sternum

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34
Q

Articulations of: xiphisternal

A

Body of sternum + xiphoid process

35
Q

Important clinically because this serves as the point from which all costal cartilages and ribs are counted

A

Sternal angle/angle of Louis

36
Q

Invertebral disc opposite of sternal angle

A

T4 and T5

37
Q

12 pairs of curved, flat bones that form most of the thoracic cage that Serves as attachment for muscles

A

Ribs

38
Q

Rib
 can cause pressure on lower trunk of brachial plexus -> pain and muscle wasting
 exert pressure on subclavian artery -> interfere with circulation

A

Cervical rib

39
Q

Arises from anterior tubercle of transverse process of C7; May have anterior free end, or connect with 1st rib via fibrous band, or articulate with 1st rib

A

Cervical rib

40
Q

3 categories of ribs

A

True (Vertebrosternal)
False (Vertebrochondral)
Floating (Vertebral, free)

41
Q

Ribs

  • Attach anteriorly to the sternum through their own costal cartilages
  • Directly connect to sternum
A

True ribs

42
Q

Ribs

  • Attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib by means of their costal cartilages and small synovial joints
  • Costal cartilages are connected to the cartilage of the rib above them
  • Indirectly connect to sternum
A

False ribs

43
Q

Ribs

  • No anterior connections, no connection with sternum
  • Rudimentary cartilage at posterior abdominal musculature
A

Floating ribs

44
Q

2 types of rib

A

Typical and Atypical

45
Q

 3rd to 9th ribs
 long, twisted, flat bone
 rounded, smooth superior border and a sharp, thin inferior border

A

Typical rib

46
Q

Parts of typical rib

A

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Shaft/Body

47
Q

Part of typical rib: wedge shaped; has 2 facets for articulation – separated by crest of the head

A

Head

48
Q

Part of typical rib: constricted portion that connects head with the shaft

A

Neck

49
Q

Part of typical rib: prominence on outer surface of rib; at junction of neck and body

A

Tubercle

50
Q

Part of typical rib: thin, flattened; twisted on its long axis

A

Shaft/Body

51
Q

Internal border of shaft which houses the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

A

Costal groove

52
Q

Angle of shaft where ribs turn anterolaterally

A

Costal angle

53
Q

2 parts of tubercle

A

Articular part and Non-articular part

54
Q

2 facets of head

A

Superior and inferior

55
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs

56
Q

broadest, shortest, most sharply curved of the 7 true ribs

A

1st rib

57
Q

Why is the 1st rib clinically significant?

A

Clinically significant because the subclavian vessels and branches of the brachial plexus pass through its superior border

58
Q

Rib

  • thinner, less curved body, longer than 1st rib
  • atypical feature: rough area on upper surface – tuberosity for serratus anterior
A

2nd rib

59
Q

Ribs that are short but no neck and tubercle

A

11th and 12th ribs

60
Q

Rib with no costal angle and costal groove

A

12th rib

61
Q

ribs with only 1 facet

A

1st and 10th rib

62
Q

Articulations of the rib

A

Costovertebral
Costochondral
Interchondral
Sternocostal

63
Q

Type of joint: costovertebral

A

synovial joint: plane

64
Q

Type of joint: chostochondral

A

primary cartilaginous joint

65
Q

Type of joint: interchondral

A

synovial joint: plane

66
Q

Type of joint: STERNOCOSTAL - 1st costal cartilage + manubrium sterni

A

primary cartilaginous joint

67
Q

Type of joint: STERNOCOSTAL - 2nd-7th costal cartilages + body of sternum

A

synovial joint: plane

68
Q

Articulations of costochondrla

A

lateral end of costal cartilage with sternal end of rib

69
Q

T or F: In children: ribs are high elastic –> fractures are rare

A

T

70
Q

Weakest part of ribs in adults

A

costal angle

71
Q

Most commonly fractured ribs

A

5th to 10th ribs

72
Q

accumulation of air in the pleural space

A

pneumothorax

73
Q

Multiple rib fractures may allow a sizable segment of the anterior and/or lateral thoracic wall to move freely

A

Flail chest

74
Q

Movements of thoracic wall and the diaphragm increases the intrathoracic volume and diameters of the thorax

A

Inspiration

75
Q

2 types of inspiration and expiration

A

Quiet and forced

76
Q

Movement: when diaphragm contracts, domes become flattened and diaphragm is lowered

A

Vertical Diameter

77
Q

Downward-sloping ribs are raised at sternal ends
 anteroposterior diameter is increased
 lower end of sternum is thrust forward

A

Pump-handle movement

78
Q

Ribs curve downward as well forward around the chest wall

A

Bucket handle movement

79
Q

Maximum increase in capacity of thoracic cavity occurs

A

Forced inspiration

80
Q

Every muscle that can raise the ribs are brought into forced inspiration

A

scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and the sternocleidomastoid

81
Q

Decrease of the capacity of the thoracic cavity

A

Expiration

82
Q

muscles – play a minor role in pulling down lower ribs in quiet expiration

A

serratus posterior inferior muscles

83
Q

muscles – play a minor role in forced expiration

A

serratus posterior inferior and latissimus dorsi

Gross Anatomy (20 decks)

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