Bones and Joints: Lower Extremity Flashcards
Regions of the lower extremity
Gluteal Femoral Knee Leg Foot
Bones of the gluteal region
hip bone
Bones of the femoral region
Femur
Bones of the knee region
Patella
Bones of the leg region
Tibia
Fibula
Bones of the foot region
Tarsal
Metatarsal
Phalanges
Innonimate bone
Hip bone
Parts of hip bone
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Upper flattened part of the hip bone
Ilium
For attachments of ligaments and tendons of muscle of lower limbs
Iliac spines
4 iliac spines
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)
Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS)
Begins at the ASIS and extends posteriorly, terminates at the PSIS; Long; curved, thickened superior border of the Alae
Iliac crest
Large, smooth depression in the ala; Proximal attachment for the iliacus muscle
Iliac fossa
Marks the border between the body and the wing of the ilium; Runs inferior, anterior and medial from the auricular surface
Arcuate line
Marked superiorly by the PIIS and inferiorly by the posterior border of the ischium; Deep indentation
Greater sciatic notch
Rough, curved lines of the lateral surface or the ala; Demarcate the proximal attachments of the 3 large gluteal muscles
Gluteal lines
3 gluteal lines
Posterior
Inferior
Anterior
L shaped, possessing the body (upper thicker part) and ramus (lower thinner part)
Ischium
Rough, bony projection at the junction of the inferior end or the body of the ischium and ramus
Supports the body’s weight when sitting
Provides proximal, tendinous attachment of the posterior thigh muscles
Ischial tuberosity
Inferior to the greater sciatic notch; Provides ligament attachment
Ischial spine
Joins the inferior ramus of the pubis to form abar of bone, ischiopubic ramus, which forms the inferomedial boundary of the obturator foramen; Lower, thinner part of the ischium
Ischial ramus
Inferior, small, round; Serves as trochlea for muscle that emerges from the bony pelvis
Lower sciatic notch
Anteromedial part of the hip bone, contributing at the anterior part of the acetabulum
Pubis
Provides proximal attachment for the muscle of the medial thigh
Pubis
Superior border of the obturator foramen
Superior ramus
Lateral projection from the body to join with the ischial ramus below the obturator foramen
Inferior ramus
Anterosuperior border of the united pubic bodies and symphysis; Attachment for the abdominal muscle
Pubic crest
Small projection at the lateral end of the crest;
Provide attachment for the main part of the inguinal ligament
Pubic tubercle
Important landmark of the inguinal regions
Pubic tubercle
Posterior margin of the superior ramus; Sharp, raised edge; Forms the part of the pelvic brim
Pecten pubis
Inferomedial surface of the superior pubic ramus; Sharp margin that forms the circumference of the obturator foramen; Attachment of the obturator membrane
Obturator crest
shallow vinegar cup
Acetabulum
margin of the acetabulum inferiorly
acetabular notch
rough depression on the floor of the acetabulum; extends superiorly from the notch
acetabular fossa
Large shaped cavity (socket) on the lateral part of the hip bone
Acetabulum
