Muscles and Joints of the Shoulder Region

Question 1

Anterior shoulder muscles

Answer 1

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus anterior

Question 2

Superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles

Answer 2

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 3

Deep Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Answer 3

Levator Scapulae

Rhomboids

Question 4

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Answer 4

Deltoid
Teres Major
Rotator cuff muscles (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis)

Question 5

Large, fan-shaped muscle that covers the superior part of the thorax

Answer 5

Pectoralis Major

Question 6

2 heads of pectoralis major

Answer 6

clavicular

sternocostal

Question 7

Deltopectoral/Clavipectoral Triangle

Answer 7

Pectoralis major
Deltoid muscles
Clavicle

Question 8

a superficial vein in the arm that empties

into the axillary vein

Answer 8

Cephalic vein

Question 9

Where can the cephalic vein be found?

Answer 9

Deltopectoral/Clavipectoral Triangle

Question 10

Lies in the anterior wall of the axilla; Almost completely covered by pectoralis major

Answer 10

Pectoralis minor

Question 11

Proximal attachment of pectoralis minor

Answer 11

3rd-5th ribs

Question 12

Distal attachment of pectoralis minor

Answer 12

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 13

Functions of Pectoralis minor

Answer 13

Stabilizes the scapula
Stretching the upper limb forward
Deep inspiration

Question 14

Lies almost horizontally if arm is placed in anatomical position; Small, round muscle located inferior to the clavicle

Answer 14

Subclavius

Question 15

Functions of subclavius

Answer 15

Protection
Stabilization
Resistance to dislocation

Question 16

Most powerful muscles of the pectoral girdle

Answer 16

Serratus anterior

Question 17

Overlies the lateral part of the thorax and forms the medial wall of the axilla; strong protractor of the scapula

Answer 17

Serratus anterior

Question 18

Another name for serratus anterior

Answer 18

Boxer’s muscle/Swimmer’s muscle

Question 19

Large, triangular muscle which covers the posterior aspect of the next and the superior half of the trunk; Provides a direct attachment of the pectoral girdle to the trunk

Answer 19

Trapezius

Question 20

Attaches the pectoral girdle to the cranium and vertebral column and assists in suspending the upper limb

Answer 20

Trapezius

Question 21

Large, fan-shaped muscle that passes from the trunk to the humerus; Extends, retracts, and rotates the humerus medially

Answer 21

Latissimus dorsi

Question 22

Used for activities such as climbing, chopping wood, paddling a canoe, and swimming

Answer 22

Latissimus dorsi

Question 23

Powerful adductor of the humerus

Answer 23

Latissimus dorsi + Pectoralis major

Question 24

Situated to the back and side of the neck
● With trapezius: Elevate scapula, or fix it; Extends the neck
● With rhomboids and pectoralis minor: Rotate the scapula

Answer 24

Levator scapulae

Question 25

Retract and rotate the scapula, depressing its glenoid cavity
● Assist the serratus anterior in holding the scapula against the
thoracic wall and fixing the scapula
● Used when forcibly lowering the raised upper limbs

Answer 25

Rhomboids

Question 26

Thick, powerful, coarse-textured muscle covering the shoulder; Resembles an inverted delta (Δ)

Answer 26

Deltoid

Question 27

● Passing laterally from the inferolateral third of the scapula
● Adducts and medially rotates the arm
● Help extend arm from the flexed position
● Stabilizer of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Answer 27

Teres major

Question 28

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 28

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

Question 29

Protect the joint capsule of the glenohumeral joint and gives it stability; Holds the head of the humerus; Dynamic stabilizer of the shoulder joint

Answer 29

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 30

Occupies the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Answer 30

Supraspinatus

Question 31

Occupies the medial three quarters of the infraspinous fossa, covered by deltoid and trapezius

Answer 31

Infraspinatus

Question 32

Narrow, elongate muscle that is completely hidden by the deltoid; Most clearly distinguished from the infraspinatus by its nerve supply

Answer 32

Teres minor

Question 33

Thick, triangular muscle that lies on the costal surface of the
scapula

Answer 33

Subscapularis

Question 34

Important spaces in the shoulder bordered by the triceps

Answer 34

Quadrangular space
Triangular space
Triangular interval

Question 35

Borders of triangular space

Answer 35

Lateral: Long head of triceps
Superior: Lower border of teres minor
Inferior: Teres major

Question 36

Borders of quadrangular space

Answer 36

Medial: Long head of triceps
Lateral: Humeral shaft
Superior: Teres minor
Inferior: Teres major

Question 37

Contents of triangular space

Answer 37

Scapular circumflex artery

Question 38

Contents of quadrangular space

Answer 38

Axillary nerve; Posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 39

Borders of Triangular interval

Answer 39

Medial: Long head of the triceps
Lateral: Some references say lateral head of the triceps, while others say lateral border of the humerus
Superior: Teres major

Question 40

Contents of Triangular Interval

Answer 40

Profunda brachii artery

Radial nerve

Question 41

Near the inferior angle of the scapula is a small triangular gap in the musculature

Answer 41

Triangle of Auscultation

Question 42

Borders of Triangle of auscultation

Answer 42

○ Superior horizontal border of the latissimus dorsi
○ Medial border of the scapula
○ Inferolateral border of the trapezius