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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

True muscles of the thoracic wall

A

Serratus posterior. Levatores costarum. Intercostal, subcostal and transverse thoracis.

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2
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Superior attachment: Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T3.

Interior attachment: Superior borders of 2nd to 4th ribs.

Innervation: 2nd to 5th intercostal nerves.

Action: Proprioception (Rib elevation)

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3
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A
  • *Superior attachment:** Spinous processes of T11 to L2.
  • *Interior attachment:** Inferior borders of 8th to 12th ribs.
  • *Innervation:** Anterior rami to T9 to T12.
  • *Action:** Proprioception (Rib depression).
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4
Q

Levator costarum

A
  • *Superior attachment:** Transverse processes of T7-T11.
  • *Interior attachment:** Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle.
  • *Innervation:** Posterior primary rami of C8-T11 nerves.
  • *Action**: Rib elevation.
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5
Q

External intercostal musces

A
  • *Superior attachment:** ​Inferior border of ribs.
  • *Interior attachment:** Superior border of ribs below.
  • *Innervation:** Intercostal nerve.
  • Action*: Rib elevation during forced inspiration.
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6
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

Innermost intercostal muscles

A
  • *Superior attachment:** Inferior border of ribs.
  • *Interior attachment:** Superior border of ribs below.

Innervation: Intercostal nerves.
Action: Interosseous part: Depresses ribs.*
Interchondral part: Elevates ribs.*
*During active (forced) respiration.

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7
Q

Subcostal muscles

A
  • *Superior attachment:** Internal surface of lower ribs.
  • *Interior attachment:** Superior borders of 2nd or 3rd rins below.
  • *Innervation:** Intercostal nerve.
  • *Action:** Probably act in the same manner as internal intercostal muscles.
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8
Q

Transversus thoracis

A
  • *Superior attachment:** Posterior surface of lower sternum.
  • *Interior attachment:** Internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6.
  • *Innervation:** Intercostal nerve.
  • *Action:** Weakly depress ribs, proprioception.
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9
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries - origin, course, distribution

A 
**Origin:** Superior intercostal artery (IC spaces 1-2).
 Thoracic aorta (remaining IC spaces).
  • *Course:** Pass between internal and innermost intercostal muscles.
  • *Distribution:** Intercostal muscles, overlying skin, and parietal pleura.
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10
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries - origin, course, distribution

A

Origin: Internal thoracic arteries (IC spaces 1-6)
Musculophrenic arteries (IC spaces 7-9)
Course: Pass between internal and innermost intercostal muscles.
Distribution: Intercostal muscles, overlying skin, and parietal pleura.

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11
Q

Internal thoracic artery - origin, course, distribution

A
  • *Origin:** Subclavian artery.
  • *Course:** Passes inferiorly and lateral to sternum between costal cartilages and transversus thoracic muscle to divide into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries.
  • *Distribution:** IC spaces 1-6 and musculophrenic artery (terminal branch).
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12
Q

Subcostal artery - origin, course, distribution

A
  • *Origin:** Thoracic aorta.
  • *Course:** Courses along inferior border of 12th rib.
  • *Distribution:** Muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall.
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13
Q

Contents of superior mediastinum anterior to posterior

A
  • Thymus
  • Great vessels, with the veins (brachiocephalic and SVC anterior to the arteries (arch of aorta and roots of its major branches - the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian), vagus and phrenic nerves and cardiac plexus of nerves.
  • Inferior continuation of cervical viscera: Trachea anteriorly and esophagus posteriorly, with related nerves (left recurrent laryngeal nerve).
  • Thoracic duct and lymphatic trunks.
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14
Q

Systematic summarization of major structures in superior mediastinum, anterior to posterior.

A
  1. Thymus.
  2. Veins.
  3. Arteries.
  4. Airway.
  5. Alimentary tract.
  6. Lymphatic trunks.
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15
Q

Arterial, venous and lymphatic supply to thymus.

A
  • *Arterial:** Anterior intercostal and anterior mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic arteries.
  • *Venous:** Veins of thymus end in the left brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, and inferior thyroid veins.
  • Lymphatic*: Lymphatic vessels of thymus end in the parasternal, brachiocephalic, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes.
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16
Q

Parietal pleura consists of which parts?

A

Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic, Cervical.

17
Q

Which part of parietal pleura is continuous with visceral pleura at the hilum of the lung?

A

Mediastinal

18
Q

Pleural cupula is at the level of which rib?

A

1st rib. (2-3cm superior to medial third of clavicle).

19
Q

The middle lobe vein of the lung is a tributairy of which vein?

A

Right superior pulmonary vein.

20
Q

Right bronchial vein drains into…? Left bronchial vein drains into…?

A

Right bronchial vein: Azygos vein.
Left bronchial vein: Accessory hemi-azygos vein (or the left superior intercostal vein)

21
Q

Transverse thoracic plane is at which vertebral level?

A

IV disc of T4 and T5

22
Q

Contents of middle mediastinum

A

Pericardium+contents.

23
Q

Mediastinum extends..?

A

Superior thoracic aperture to diaphragm.

24
Q

Superior mediastinum extends..?

A

Superior thoracic aperture to transverse thoracic plane

25
Q

Inferior mediastinum extends..? Divides into?

A

From transverse thoracic plane and diaphragm. Divides into anterior, middle, and posterior parts.

26
Q

Sternopericardial ligaments

A

Attach fibrous pericardium to posterior surface of sternum.

27
Q

Pericardiophrenic ligament

A

Site of continuity between fibrous pericardium and central tendon of diaphragm.

28
Q

Transverse pericardial sinus

A

Surgical space after pericardial sac has been removed. A finger can be passed through the sinus posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.

29
Q

Posterior mediastinum is between which vertebral levels?

A

T5-T12

30
Q

Anterior mediastinum contains what?

A

Inferior part of Thymus

31
Q

Hemi-azygos vein arises from which veins?

A

Left subcostal and ascending lumbar veins.

32
Q

Accessory hemi-azygos vein begins at which intercostal space?

A

4th or 5th IC space, descends down to T8.

33
Q
A

Anatomy (10 decks)

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