Neck Flashcards
Superiorly, the investing layer of deep cervical fascia attaches to what?
Superior nuchal lines, mastoid process of temporal bone, zygomatic arches, inferior border of mandible, hyoid bone, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae.
Deep cervical fascia consists of which layers?
Investing, pretracheal, prevertebral
The SCMs produce movement at which joints?
Craniovertebral joints, cervical intervertebral joints.
Main structures in Sternocleidomastoid region
SCM muscle, EJV, great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve.
- Lesser supraclavicular fossa: IJV.
Main contents of Posterior cervical region
Trapezius, cutaneous branches of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves.
Main contents of lateral cervical region
- Occipital triangle: EJV, posterior branches of cervical plexus, CNXI, brachial plexus, cervicodorsal trunk, cervical lymph node.
- Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle: Subclavian a. (3rd part), suprascapular artery, supraclavicular lymph nodes.
Main contents of anterior cervical regions
- Submandibular (digastric) triangle: submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve, facial a. and v.
- Submental triangle: submental lymph nodes.
- Carotid triangle: carotid sheath and its contents, superior root of ansa cervicalis, CNXI, thyroid gland, larynx and pharynx, deep cervical lymph nodes, branches of cervical plexus.
- Muscular (omotracheal) triangle: Sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, thyroid and parathyroid glands.
Sternocleidomastoid
Superior: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral half of superior nuchal line.
Inferior: Sternal head: manubrium. Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle.
N: CNXI (motor), C2, C3 (pain and proprioception).
Trapezius
Superior: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12, lumbar and sacral spinous processes.
Inferior: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.
N: CNXI (motor), C2 and C3 (pain and proprioception).
Boundaries of posterior triangle
Anteriorly: SCM.
Posteriorly: Trapezius.
Inferiorly: Middle third of clavicle.
Apex: Where SCM and trapezius meet on superior nuchal line.
Roof: investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
Floor: muscles covered by prevertebral layer.
At which vertebral level is the thyroid gland?
C5-T1, deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles.
Over which tracheal ring does the isthmus of thyroid gland unite its right and left lobes?
Anterior to 2:nd and 3rd tracheal ring.
Muscles of pharynx
External layer: Superior pharyngeal constrictor, Middle pharyngeal constrictor, Inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
Internal layer: Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus.
All the muscles of the pharynx receives innervation from pharyngeal branch of vagus except for one, which one and in which layer is it?
Stylopharyngeus, innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve CNIX. Internal layer.
Main action of the external layer of muscles of pharynx
Constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing.
Main action of the internal layer of muscles of pharynx
Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking.
Which muscles open the pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing?
Tensor veli palatini, Levator veli palatini, Salpingopharyngeus, Tensor tympani.
Larynx is located at what vertebral level?
C3-C6
Cartilaginous boundaries of the laryngeal inlet
Epiglottic cartilage, Cuneiform cartilage, Corniculate cartilage, Arytenoid cartilage (posterior surface, muscular process).
What is the aperture between vocal folds called?
Rima glottidis
Space between the vestibular ligaments is called?
Rima vestibuli
Muscles of larynx and their main action
Cricothyroid - streches and tenses vocal ligament.
Thyro-arytenoid - relaxes vocal ligament.
Posterior crico-arytenoid - abducts vocal folds.
Lateral cricoarytenoid - adducts vocal folds.
Transverse and Oblique arytenoids - Adduct arytenoid cartilages, “real phonation”.
Vocalis - Relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part, “fine regulation”.
