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Anatomy > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

1
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

O: Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone.
I: Skin around orbit, superior & inferior tarsal plates.
N: temporal and zygomatic branches of parotid plexus.

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2
Q

Corrugator supercilli

A

O: medial end of superciliary arch.
I: skin superior to supraorbital margin and superciliary arch.
N: temporal branch of parotid plexus.

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3
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

O: Maxillae and mandible, modiolus.
I: mucous membrane of lips.
N: Buccal branch of parotid plexus.

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4
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

O: Infra-orbital margin (maxilla).
I: skin of upper lip.
N: Buccal branch of parotid plexus.

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5
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

O: zygomatic bone.
I: skin of upper lip.
N: Buccal branch of parotid plexus.

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6
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

O: zygomatic bone.
I: modiolus.
N: Buccal branch of parotid plexus.

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7
Q

Buccinator

A

O: maxilla and mandible (alveolar processes), pterygomandibular raphe.
I: modiolus, orbicularis oris.
N: Buccal branch of parotid plexus.

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8
Q

Muscles contributing to modiolus (their distal attachment)

A

Buccinator, Zygomaticus major, Levator anguli oris, Risorius, Depressor anguli oris.

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9
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Frontal belly: O: epicranial aponeurosis - I: skin and sc tissue of eyebrows and forehead. N: temporal branch of parotid plexus.

Occipital belly: O: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line - I: epicranial aponeurosis. N: Posterior auricular branch of parotid plexus.

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10
Q

Platysma

A

O: sc tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions.
I: mandible, modiolus.
N: cervical branch of CNVII (via parotid plexus)

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11
Q

CNV gives sensory respectively motor Innervation to what?

A

Sensory via pseudounipolar neurons in trigeminal ganglion to the face, bypassed by motor root via multipolar axons to muscles of mastication.

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12
Q

Main cutaneous branch of nasocilliary nerve

A

Infratrochlear nerve

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13
Q

Innervation of lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal nerve, smallest branch of CNV1, receiving secretomotor fibers from zygomaticotemporal nerve (CNV2).

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14
Q

Innervation of parotid gland

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers (from the glossopharyngeal, tympanic, and lesser petrosal nerves) synapse in the otic ganglion. Postganglionic fibers travel with the auriculotemporal nerve and so reach the gland.

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15
Q

LR6 SO4 AO3

A

Lateral rectus CNVI, Superior oblique CNIV, All others CNIII.

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16
Q

Innervation of superior rectus and levator palpabrae superioris

A

Superior division of CNIII.

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17
Q

Innervation of medial and inferior rectus and inferior oblique.

A

Inferior division of CNIII

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18
Q

Boundaries of parotid region

A

Superiorly: Zygomatic arch.
Posteriorly: Sternocleidomastoid, external ear.
Medially: Ramus of mandible.
Anteriorly: Masseter.
Inferiorly: Inferior border and angle of mandible.

19
Q

Contents of parotid region

A

Parotid gland and duct, parotid plexus, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery, m. Masseter.

20
Q

Arterial supply to nose

A
  1. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal aa. - ophthalmic artery.
  2. Sphenopalatine a. - maxillary artery.
  3. Greater palatine a. - maxillary artery.
  4. Septal branch of superior labial a. - facial artery.
21
Q

What encloses the parotid gland and from what is it derived from?

A

Parotid sheath, derived from investing layer of deep cervical fascia.

22
Q

Where does the parotid duct enter the oral cavity?

A

It pierces the buccinator and enters the oral cavity through a small orifice opposite to the 2nd maxillary molar tooth.

23
Q

Innervation of parotid gland and sheath

A

Parotid sheath: Great auricular nerve (C2. C3) and auriculotemporal nerve. Also innervates overlying skin.

Parotid gland:
Parasympathetic: CNIX supplies presynaptic secretory fibers to otic ganglion. Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers are conveyed from otic ganglion to gland by auriculotemporal nerve. Stimulation produces thin watery saliva.

Sympathetic: Derived from cervical ganglia through external carotid nerve plexus. Vasomotor, reduces secretion of gland.

Sensory fibers by great auricular and auriculotemporal nerves.

24
Q

Boundaries of temporal fossa

A

Posteriorly and superiorly: Temporal lines.
Anteriorly: Frontal and zygomatic bones.
Laterally: Zygomatic arch.
Inferiorly: Infratemporal crest.

25
Q

Boundaries of infratemporal fossa

A

Laterally: ramus of mandible.
Medially: lateral pterygoid plate.
Anteriorly: posterior aspect of maxilla.
Posteriorly: tympanic plate and mostoid and styloid processes of temporal bone.
Superiorly: inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid.
Inferiorly: Where medial pterygoid m. attaches to mandible.

26
Q

Contents of infratemporal fossa

A 
Inferior part of temporalis m.
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles.
Maxillary a. 
Pterygoid venous plexus.
Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and chorda tympani nerves. 
Otic ganglion.
27
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Hinge type of synovial joint, permits gliding and pivoting.

Has an articular disc creating superior and inferior articular cavities.

28
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube and tensor tympani enters on which wall of middle ear?

A

Anterior wall.

29
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube

A

Connects middle ear with nasopharynx. Consists of a bony part (1/3 nearest to middle ear) and a cartilaginous part (remaining 2/3). Receives innervation from tympanic plexus and tympanic branch of CNIX.

30
Q

Malleus has which bony features?

A

Incus articulation, Head of malleus, Neck of malleus, Anterior process, Lateral process, Handle of malleus.

31
Q

Incus has which features?

A

Body of incus, Malleus articulation, Short limb, Long limb.

32
Q

Stapes has which features?

A

Base of stapes, Anterior limb, Posterior limb, Head of stapes.

33
Q

Tensor tympani

A

O: Cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube, greater wing of sphenoid.
I: Handle of Malleus.
N: Mandibular nerve (CNV3).
-Pulls handle of malleus medially which tenses the tympanic membrane, reducing amplitude of oscillations.

34
Q

Stapedius

A

O: Inside of pyramidal eminence.
I: Neck of stapes.
N: Nerve to stapedius (CNVII).
-Pulls stapes posteriorly which tightens anular ligament and reducing oscillatory range.

35
Q

Extrinsics of tongue

A

Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, Styloglossus: Hypoglossal n. (CNXII), Palatoglossus: Vagus n. (CNX).

36
Q

Intrinsics of tongue

A

Superior longitudinal, Inferior longitudinal, Transverse, Vertical.

37
Q

Kiesselbach area

A

Area rich in arterial anastomoses in anterior 1/3 of nasal septum - common area of epistaxis.

38
Q

Innervation of nasal cavity

A

Posteroinferior portion: Nasal septum: nasopalatine nerve (maxillary n.). Lateral wall: posterior lateral nasal and inferior Iateral nasal branches of greater palatine nerve.

Anterosuperior portion: anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve, branches of nasocilliary nerve (CNV1).

External nose: external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve, Infratrochlear nerve, algae of nose supplied by nasal branches of infra-orbital nerve (CNV2).

39
Q

Which muscle of tongue is not innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)?

A

Palatoglossus, innervated by vagus.

40
Q

Muscles of soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini, Levator palatini, Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus, Musculus uvulae.

41
Q

Pharyngeal branch of vagus innervates all but one muscle of the soft palate, which one?

A

Tensor veli palatini (medial pterygoid nerve, branch of CNV3 via otic ganglion)

42
Q

Which muscles of the soft palate attaches to the cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Tensor veli palatini, Levator veli palatini.

43
Q

Blood supply to palate

A

Greater and lesser palatine arteries from descending palatine artery.
Lesser palatine artery anastomoses with ascending palatine artery (from facial artery).

Anatomy (10 decks)

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