Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HA > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Extending from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of diaphragm inferiorly

A

Thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The lungs, distal portion of the trachea, and the bronchi are located in the thorax and constitute the

A

lower respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The outer structure of the thorax is referred to as the

A

thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

contains the respiratory components.

A

thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

is constructed of the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, muscles, and cartilage.

A

The thoracic cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into three parts:

A

The sternum, or breastbone- the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The manubrium connects laterally with the clavicles (collarbones) and the ____ of ribs.

A

first two pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A U-shaped indentation located on the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as the

A

suprasternal notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A few centimeters below the suprasternal notch, a bony ridge can be palpated at the point where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum. This landmark, often referred to as the ______, is also the location of the second pair of ribs and becomes a reference point for counting ribs and intercostal spaces.

A

sternal angle (or angle of Louis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), also called the _____, can be easily felt with the client’s neck f lexed.

A

vertebra prominens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The lower tip of each scapula is at the level of the _______ rib when the arms are at the client’s side

A

seventh or eighth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ____ runs from the apex of the axillae to the level of the 12th rib.

A

mid-axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The______extends from the anterior axillary fold along the anterolateral aspect of the thorax,

A

anterior axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

runs from the posterior axillary fold down the posterolateral aspect of the chest wall

A

posterior axillary line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The thoracic cavity consists of the ______ and the lungs, and is lined by the pleural membranes. The ______ refers to a central area in the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea, bronchi, esophagus, heart, and great vessels.

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

is a flexible structure that lies anterior to the esophagus, begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage in the neck, and is approximately 10 to 12 cm long in an adult

A

The trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C-shaped rings of _______compose the trachea; they help to maintain its shape and prevent its collapse during respiration.

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are at an oblique position in the mediastinum and enter the lungs at the hilum.

A

Both bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ______is shorter and more vertical than the left main bronchus, making aspirated objects more likely to enter the right lung than the left.

A

right main bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The bronchi and trachea represent _____in the respiratory system, where air is transported but no gas exchange takes place.

A

“dead space”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the trachea and bronchi are lined with mucous membranes containing_____. These hair-like projections help sweep dust, foreign bodies, and bacteria that have been trapped by the mucus toward the mouth for removal.

A

cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The bronchi repeatedly bifurcate into smaller passageways known as ______.

A

bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eventually the bronchioles terminate at the alveolar ducts, and air is channeled into the alveolar sacs, which contain the

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ____ are two cone-shaped, elastic structures suspended within the thoracic cavity

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The apex of each lung extends slightly above the clavicle. The base is at the level of the _____.

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At the point of the mid-clavicular line on the anterior surface of the thorax, the lung extends to approximately the

A

sixth rib

27
Q

Laterally lung tissue reaches the level of the

A

eighth rib

28
Q

posteriorly the lung base lies at about the

A

tenth rib

29
Q

Anteriorly the horizontal fissure separating the right upper lobe from the middle lobe extends from the ____ in the right mid-axillary line to the ______or _____ at the ______.

A

fifth rib, third intercostal space - fourth rib,right sternal border

30
Q

Posteriorly oblique fissures extend on both the right and left lungs from the level of T3 to the ____ at the

A

sixth rib, mid-clavicular line.

31
Q

In the healthy adult, during deep inspiration the lungs extend down to about the ______ anteriorly and the ____ posteriorly

A

eighth intercostal space anteriorly, twelfth intercostal space posteriorly.

32
Q

During expiration, the lungs rise to the _____anteriorly and ____posteriorly

A

fifth or sixth intercostal space, tenth

33
Q

The thoracic cavity is lined by a thin, double-layered serous membrane referred to as the

A

pleura

34
Q

The ____ line the chest cavity, and the ____ covers the external surfaces of the lungs.

A

parietal pleura, visceral pleura

35
Q

The ___ lies between the two pleural layers.

A

pleural space

36
Q

____ is accomplished through contraction of the diaphragm.

A

Vertical expansion

37
Q

occurs as intercostal muscles lift the sternum and elevate the ribs, resulting in an increase in anteroposterior diameter.

A

Horizontal expansion

38
Q

As a result of this enlargement of the chest cavity, a slight negative pressure is created in the lungs in relation to the atmospheric pressure, resulting in an inflow of air into the lungs. This process, called

A

inspiration

39
Q

is mostly passive in nature and occurs with relaxation of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. As the diaphragm relaxes, it assumes a domed shape. The resultant decrease in the size of the chest cavity creates a positive pressure, forcing air out of the lungs.

A

Expiration

40
Q

change according to cellular demands— often without awareness on the part of the individual. Such involuntary control of respiration is the work of the medulla and pons, located in the brainstem.

A

Breathing patterns

41
Q

the strongest stimulus to breathe is an increase of carbon dioxide in the blood ____

A

hypercapnia

42
Q

A decrease in oxygen _____ also increases respiration but is less effective than a rise in carbon dioxide levels.

A

hypoxemia

43
Q

continuous coughing

A

smoker’s cough

44
Q

Blood in the sputum

A

hemoptysis

45
Q

Nasal flaring is seen with labored respirations (especially in small children) and is indicative of

A

hypoxia

46
Q

Client leans forward and uses arms to support weight and lift chest to increase breathing capacity, referred to as the

A

tripod position

47
Q

also called subcutaneous emphysema, is a crackling sensation (like bones or hairs rubbing against each other) that occurs when air passes through fluid or exudate.

A

Crepitus

48
Q

Unequal fremitus is usually the result of _____ (which increases fremitus) or bronchial obstruction, air trapping in emphysema, pleural effusion, or _____ (which all decrease fremitus).

A

consolidation, pneumothorax

49
Q

Unequal chest expansion can occur with severe ______ (collapse or incomplete expansion)

A

atelectasis

50
Q

____ is the percussion tone elicited over normal lung tissue

A

Resonance

51
Q

Adventitious lung sounds, such as _____ (formerly called rales) and ____ (formerly called rhonchi)

A

crackles, wheezes

52
Q

is a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (often referred to as funnel chest). It is a congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self-consciousness.

A

Pectus excavatum

53
Q

is a forward protrusion of the sternum causing the adjacent ribs to slope backward (often referred to as pigeon chest

A

Pectus carinatum

54
Q

configuration results in a more horizontal position of the ribs and costal angle of more than 90 degrees. This often results from long-standing emphysema.

A

Barrel-chest

55
Q

High. Harsh or hollow. Loud. Short during inspiration, long in expiration. Trachea and thorax

A

Bronchial

56
Q

Moderate. Mixed. Moderate. Same during inspiration and expiration. Over the major bronchi—posterior: between the scapulae; anterior: around the upper sternum in the first and second intercostal spaces

A

Bronchovesicular

57
Q

Low. Breezy. Soft. Long in inspiration, short in expiration. Peripheral lung fields

A

Vesicular

58
Q

High-pitched, short, popping sounds heard during inspiration and not cleared with coughing; sounds are discontinuous and can be simulated by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear.

A

Crackles (fine)

59
Q

Low-pitched, bubbling, moist sounds that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration; also described as softly separating Velcro.

A

Crackles (coarse)

60
Q

of pulmonary fibrosis are heard louder and closer to stethoscope, usually do not change location, and are more common in clients with long-term COPD.

A

Velcro rales

61
Q

Low-pitched, dry, grating sound; sound is much like crackles, only more superficial and occurring during both inspiration and expiration.

A

Pleural friction rub

62
Q

High-pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard on inspiration.

A

Wheeze (sibilant)

63
Q

Low-pitched snoring or moaning sounds heard primarily during expiration but may be heard throughout the respiratory cycle. These wheezes may clear with coughing.

A

Wheeze (sonorous)

64
Q

is a harsh, honking wheeze with severe broncholaryngospasm, such as occurs with croup.

A

Stridor

HA (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions