Breast Flashcards
are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles.
breasts
which is located in the center of the breast, contains the tiny openings of the lactiferous ducts through which milk passes.
nipple
surrounds the nipple (generally 1- to 2-cm radius) and contains elevated sebaceous glands (Montgomery glands) that secrete a protective lipid substance during lactation.
areola
or other breast tissue may appear along this “milk line”
supernumerary nipples
Female breasts consist of three types of tissue:
glandular, fibrous, and fatty (adipose).
constitutes the functional part of the breast, allowing for milk production.
Glandular tissue
Glandular tissue is arranged in______ that radiate in a circular fashion from the nipple.
15 to 20 lobes
from the alveoli converge into a single lactiferous duct that leaves each lobe and conveys milk to the nipple.
Mammary ducts
The slight enlargement in each duct before it reaches the nipple is called the .
lactiferous sinus
The milk can be stored in the lactiferous sinus (or _____) until stimulated to be released from the nipple.
ampullae
The fibrous tissue provides support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called
Cooper ligaments (suspensory ligaments).
is the third component of the breast. The glandular tissue is embedded in the ______. This subcutaneous and retromammary fat provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size and shape of the breasts.
Fatty tissue
Both males and females have superficial veins forming a network over the entire chest, known as the .
mammary plexus
___ (Haldol, an antipsychotic drug, can cause ___ (persistent milk secretion whether or not the woman is breastfeeding) and lactation.
Haloperidol, galactorrhea
This is also a side effect of _____ (Depo-Provera) injections.
medroxyprogesterone
The most common pathologic cause of galactorrhea is a ____
pituitary tumor.
Noninvasive and confined to the linings of the milk duct system;
appears early
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Most common type (70%-80% of cases); spreads beyond the ductal system
Invasive (infiltrating)
ductal carcinoma
(IDC)
Typically occurs in women in their late 40s and 50s and accounts for about 3%-5% of cases
Medullary carcinoma
Accounts for about 10% of all invasive cases, usually appearing as a subtle thickening, feeling of full-ness, change in texture or appearance of the breast or nipple skin, rather than as a discrete lump
Invasive (infiltrating)
lobular carcinoma (ILC)
Usually found in women over 50 years of age; accounts for 2% of cases; has a 95% 10-year survival rate
Tubular carcinoma
Occurs in 1%-2% of breast cancers; although the cancer cells produce mucus and are poorly defined, usually has a favorable prognosis
Mucinous carcinoma (colloid)
Very rare and very aggressive, with lymph vessels in skin blocked, making the breast appear swol-len, red, and inflamed; accounts for 1%-5% of cases in the United States
Inflammatory breast
carcinoma (IBC)
appearance results from edema, which is seen in metastatic breast disease.
A pigskin-like or orange-peel (peau d’orange)
A prominent venous patter may occur as a result of increased circulation due to a____. An asymmetric venous pattern may be due to _____.
malignancy
Peau d’orange skin, associated with____ , may be first seen in the areola.
carcinoma
Red, scaly, crusty areas may appear in
Paget disease
Fibrocystic breast tissue that feels ropy, lumpy, or bumpy in texture is referred to as
nodular or glandular breast tissue.
are usually 1-5 cm, round or oval, mobile, firm, solid, elastic, nontender, single or multiple benign masses found in one or both breasts.
Fibroadenomas
___ (sacs filled with milk) and infections (____) may turn into an abscess and occur if breastfeeding or recently given birth.
Milk cysts,mastitis
are a collection of fatty tissue that may also appear as a lump.
Lipomas
is a small growth inside a milk duct of the breast, often near the areola. It is harmless and occurs in women ages 35-50.
Intraductal papilloma
, a smooth, firm, movable disc of glandular tissue, may be seen in one breast in males during puberty, usually temporarily.
However, it may also be seen in hormonal imbalances, drug abuse, cirrhosis, leuke mia, and thyrotoxicosis. Irregularly shaped. hard nodules occur in breast cancer.
Gynecomastia
