Neuro Flashcards
a bundle of nerve fibers responsible for communication between the hemispheres.
corpus callosum
Consisting of aggregations of neuronal cell bodies, gray matter rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, forming the
cerebral cortex
Most sensory impulses travel through the gray matter of the ______, which is responsible for screening and directing the impulses to specific areas in the cerebral cortex.
thalamus
(part of the autonomic nervous system, which is a part of the peripheral nervous system) is responsible for regulating many body functions including water balance, appetite, vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate), sleep cycles, pain perception, and emotional status.
hypothalamus
Located between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord
Brain stem
brain stem consists of mostly nerve fibers and has three parts:
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
serves as a relay center for ear and eye reflexes, and relays impulses between the higher cerebral centers and the lower pons, medulla, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
midbrain
links the cerebellum to the cerebrum and the midbrain to the medulla. It is responsible for various reflex actions.
pons
contains the nuclei for cranial nerves, and has centers that control and regulate respiratory function, heart rate and force, and blood pressure.
medulla oblongata
located behind the brain stem and under the cerebrum
The cerebellum
sensory neuron (_____), one motor neuron (_____)
afferent, efferent
Directs voluntary, skeletal actions (left side of lobe controls right side of body and right side of lobe controls left side of body). Also influences communication (talking and writing), emotions, intellect, reasoning ability, judgment, and behavior. Contains Broca’s area, which is responsible for speech.
Frontal
Interprets tactile sensations, including touch, pain, temperature, shapes, and two-point discrimination.
Parietal
Influences the ability to read with understanding and is the primary visual receptor center.
Occipital
Receives and interprets impulses from the ear. Contains Wernicke’s area, which is responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli.
Temporal
____ (continuous, rapid twitching of resting muscles) may be seen in lower motor neuron disease.
Fasciculations
__ (involuntary contraction of opposing groups of muscles) are typical in degenerative neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease
Tremors
(twitch of the face, head, or shoulder) from stress or neurologic disorder. Unusual, bizarre face, tongue, jaw, or lip movements from chronic psychosis or long-term use of psychotropic drugs. Tremors (rhythmic, oscillating movements) from Parkinson’s disease, cerebellar disease, multiple sclerosis (with movement), hyperthyroidism, or anxiety.
Tic
Brief, rapid, irregular, jerky movements (at rest) from .
Huntington’s chorea
Slower twisting movements associated with spasticity (____) seen with cerebral palsy.
athetosis
Uncoordinated movements or tremors are abnormal findings. They are seen with cerebellar disease (_____).
dysdiadochokinesia
Carries smell impulses from nasal mucous membrane to brain.
I-Olfactory
Carries visual impulses from eye to brain.
II (optic)
Contracts eye muscles to control eye movements (interior lateral, medial, and superior), constricts pupils, and elevates eyelids.
III (oculomotor)
Contracts one eye muscle to control inferomedial eye movement
IV (trochlear)
Carries sensory impulses of pain, touch, and temperature from the face to the brain. Influences clenching and lateral jaw movements (biting, chewing).
V (trigeminal)
Controls lateral eye movements.
VI (abducens)
Contains sensory fibers for taste on anterior two-thirds of tongue, and stimulates secretions from salivary glands (submaxillary and sublingual) and tears from lacrimal glands.
Supplies the facial muscles and affects facial expressions (smiling, frowning, closing eyes).
VII (facial)
Contains sensory fibers for hearing and balance.
VIII (acoustic, vestibulocochlear)
Contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior third of tongue and sensory fibers of the pharynx that result in the gag reflex when stimulated.
Provides secretory fibers to the parotid salivary glands; promotes swallowing movements.
IX (glossopharyngeal)
Carries sensations from the throat, larynx, heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract, and abdominal viscera. Promotes swallowing, talking, and production of digestive juices.
X (vagus)
Innervates neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) that promote movement of the shoulders and head rotation. Also promotes some movement of the larynx.
XI (spinal accessory)
Motor Innervates tongue muscles that promote the movement of food and talking.
XII (hypoglossal)
