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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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2
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

First 7 which are connected anteriorally by costal cartilage to the sternum

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3
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-12

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4
Q

Vertebrochondrial ribs

A

Indirectly connected to the sternum and attached to each other / rib 7 by costal cartilage

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5
Q

Free floating ribs

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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6
Q

Typical ribs

A

Ribs 3-9

Typical in structure

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7
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1, 2, 10-12

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum, list superior to inferior?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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9
Q

What is the jugular notch?

A

The concave center of the manubrium of the sternum

Superior border of the sternum

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10
Q

What is the middle part of a typical rib called?

A

The shaft or body

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11
Q

What is the angle of a typical rib?

A

Where the rib bends sharply anteriorally

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12
Q

What does the costal groove contain?

A

1) Intercostal vein
2) Intercostal artery (VAN)
3) Intercostal nerve

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13
Q

Label the parts of a typical rib from medial to lateral on the posterior side

A

head
neck
tubercle

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14
Q

What does the tubercle of a rib connect to?

A

the body

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15
Q

Which rib has the scalene tubercle?

A

First rib

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16
Q

Scalene tubercle and veins/arteries

A

Subclavian vein crosses the first rib anterior to the scalene tubercle

Subclavian artery crosses the first rib posterior to the scalene tubercle

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17
Q

Brachial plexus and ribs

A

Brachial plexus crosses the first rib posteriorally to the scalene tubercle

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18
Q

What makes the second rib atypical?

A

rough area on its superior surface

the tuberosity for the serratus anterior muscle

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19
Q

What makes ribs 10, 11, and 12 atypical in structure?

A

Single facet head for bodies of corresponding vertebrae

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20
Q

Is the first rib’s head single facet?

A

Yes

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21
Q

How many facets do typical ribs have to connect with vertebrae?

A

Two facets

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22
Q

How do the external intercostal muscles pass?

A

Pass inferiorally and medially from the rib above to the rib below

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23
Q

How do the fibers of the external intercostal muscles travel?

A

Obliquely

This is opposite of the internal and intermost intercostal muscles

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24
Q

How do the internal intercostal muscles pass?

A

Inferiorally and posteriorally from rib above to rib below

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25
Q

What are the 3 intercostal muscles?

A

External, internal and innermost

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26
Q

What is the nerve supply for the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves supply all 3 intercostal muscles

27
Q

What is the distinguishing feature of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

They are separated from the internal intercostal muscles by the neurovascular bundles

28
Q

Where is the neurovascular plane of the thoracic wall?

A

Between the middle and deepest layers of muscles

29
Q

Subcostal muscles

A

Span two intercostal spaces

Pass inferiorally

Parallel to internal intercostal muscles

30
Q

Transversus thoracis

A

Four or five slips of muscles that fan out from inferior part of sternum to costal cartilages 2-6

31
Q

Ventral rami

A

Nerves that supply the anterior / ventral portion of the trunk

32
Q

Dorsal rami

A

Nerves that supply the posterior / dorsal portion of the trunk

33
Q

How many vertebrae make up the thorax?

A

12

34
Q

Thoracic nerves

A

Refers to the 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the 12 vertebrae

35
Q

What is true of the thoracic nerves?

A

They are highly segmental and will split into dorsal and ventral rami quickly

36
Q

Subcostal nerve

A

The 12th ventral ramus

37
Q

What do most spaces contain in terms of arteries?

A

One large posterior intercostal artery

Two small anterior intercostal arteries

38
Q

How are the posterior intercostal arteries grouped?

A
  1. First two spaces
  2. Lower nine spaces
39
Q

How are the anterior intercostal arteries grouped?

A
  1. Upper six spaces
  2. Lower anterior intercostals 7-9
  3. Absent from the two lower intercostal spaces
40
Q

How many intercostal spaces are there?

A

11

41
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries - first 2 spaces

A

branches of the supreme intercostal artery

which itself is a branch of the costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery

42
Q

Posterior intercostal arteries - lower 9 spaces

A

Direct branches from the thoracic aorta

43
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries - upper 6 spaces

A

Branches of the internal thoracic artery

anastomose laterally with the posterior intercostal arteries.

44
Q

anastomose meaning

A

linked at

45
Q

Anterior intercostal arteries - lower anterior intercostals

A

Spaces 7-9

Branches of the musculophrenic artery

46
Q

What are intercostal spaces 10-11 supplied by?

A

Only posterior intercostal arteries

47
Q

What is important to note of the lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries?

A

they continue into the abdominal wall along with the nerves

48
Q

Do the anterior intercostal arteries continue into the abdominal wall?

A

No because they stop at the 9th intercostal space

49
Q

Where is the internal thoracic artery located?

A

Lateral to the sternum, anterior to the transversus thoracis muscle

50
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery branch into?

A

Superior epigastric artery

Musculophrenic artery

*These are both terminal branches

51
Q

Pericardiophrenic artery

A

A branch of the internal thoracic artery

Runs with the phrenic nerve

supplies the pericardium, diaphragm and part of pleura

52
Q

Perforating branches

A

branches of the internal thoracic artery

pass to the skin with the intercostal nerves

contribute to blood supply of the breast and enlarged during lactation

53
Q

What is true of all arteries?

A

They are accompanied by corresponding veins

54
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal veins empty into?

A

azygous and hemiazygous veins

55
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain into?

A

Drain into the musculophrenic vein or the internal Thoracic vein.

56
Q

Where does the internal thoracic vein drain into?

A

Drains into the brachiocephalic vein.

57
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles extend from?

A

From the rib tubercle posteriorly to the costochondral junction anterioraly

58
Q

Costochondral joint

A

the junction between a rib and its costal cartilage

59
Q

Where do the internal intercostal muscles extend from?

A

From the sternum anteriorly to the angles of ribs posteriorly

60
Q

Angle of rib

A

Where the shaft bends sharply

61
Q

Which way do ribs bed?

A

Anteriorly

62
Q

What is the joint between the sternum and a rib called?

A

Sternocostal joint

63
Q
A

Anatomy (8 decks)

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