Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic parts of a neuron?

A
  1. Body / soma
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
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2
Q

Which part of neuron carries signals to the soma?

A

Dendrites

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3
Q

Which part of neuron carries signals away from the soma?

A

Axon

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4
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released?

A

At the synapse

Moves from axon AWAY from one neuron to dendrites of post-synaptic neuron

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5
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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6
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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7
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

Around the lumbar region

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8
Q

How do signals get to the lower lumbar, sacral and cocygeal regions?

A

they travel down spinal nerves

group of spinal nerves that carries signals to lower levels is called the Cauda equina

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9
Q

Cauda equina

A

Group of spinal nerves that carry signals to lower lumbar, sacral and cocygeal regions since spinal cord stops

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10
Q

How many layers are both the brain and spinal cord protected by?

A

3 layers

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11
Q

List the 3 layers of meninges that protects the CNS

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Pia mater

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12
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

How does blood drain out of the skull?

A

Through the Venous sinus

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14
Q

Venous sinus

A

A space in meningeal layer of connective tissue

Allows blood to drain

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15
Q

What is a meninge?

A

Layers of membranes / connective tissue that protect the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

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16
Q

What meninge is the venous sinus located in?

A

Dura mater

More specifically the meningeal layer

17
Q

Where is the cerebral fluid found?

A

In the arachnoid

18
Q

Pia mater

A

Most internal meninge

Suspends the spinal cord within the dural sac

19
Q

PNS

A

consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

20
Q

Spinal cord versus spinal nerves

A

Spinal nerves come from the spinal cord and are part of the PNS

the spinal cord itself is part of the CNS

21
Q

What is true of the spinal nerve?

A

Contains both motor and sensory

22
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

A split of the spinal nerve

Contains both sensory and motor info

23
Q

Ventral ramus

A

A split of the spinal nerve

Contains both sensory and motor info

24
Q

Efferent fibers

A

Carry signals away from the CNS

25
Q

Afferent fibers

A

Carry signals towards the CNS

26
Q

What type of fibers do spinal nerves contain?

A

Both efferent and afferent fibers

27
Q

Myotome

A

a muscle mass that receives motor information from a specific spinal nerve

28
Q

What is the T1 myotome, for example?

A

All of the muscle mass that receives its information from the T1 spinal nerve

29
Q

Dermatome

A

An area of skin that has sensory innervation from a specific spinal nerve

30
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Innervate the body wall

A functional division of the nervous system

Contains both motor and sensory modulaties

Under conscious control

31
Q

Visceral nervous system

A

Motor system is not under conscious control

A functional division of the nervous system

Is part of the autonomic nervous system

Works on smooth muscles, glands, organs, etc.

Contains both motor and sensory components

32
Q

List the spinal cord segments

A

Cervical 8

Thoracic 12

Lumbar 5

Sacral 5

Coccygeal 1

33
Q

What makes spinal tap possible?

A

The needle is inserted in the L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspace

This part of the lumbar does NOT contain any spinal cord

34
Q

Difference between root and rami

A

The ventral/dorsal rami contain both motor and sensory fibers

The roots only contain either motor or sensory

35
Q

What do dorsal roots carry?

A

Sensory fibers to the CNS and from the PNS

36
Q

What do ventral roots carry?

A

Motor fibers to the PNS from the CNS