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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Heart question! What is left ventricular noncompaction?

A

left ventricle muscle develops with lots of trebeculations and less smooth myocardium muscle

prevents the patient from being able to pump as much blood

heart failure results

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2
Q

hyoid bone

A

floating bone in neck that does not articulate with other bones

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3
Q

what is anterior to hyoid bone?

A

thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

what is the “Adam’s apple”?

A

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage at C5 level

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5
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

around C6

inferior to thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

tracheal rings

A

keep airway patent

begin inferior to cricoid cartilage

continue all the way to jugular notch

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7
Q

patent meaning

A

open

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8
Q

what is the landmark of the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

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9
Q

what innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

A

cranial nerve 11 - spinal accessory nerve

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10
Q

how is the neck split into 2 triangles?

A

anterior triangle to SCM

posterior triangle to SCM

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11
Q

how many muscles are in the posterior triangle? list them superior to inferior

A

1) splenius capitis
2) levator scapulae
3) middle scalene
4) anterior scalene

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12
Q

how many scalene muscles are there?

A

3

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13
Q

what do the scalene function as?

A

accessory breathing muscles

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14
Q

how is the anterior triangle further subdivided?

A

divided into the submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle and muscular triangle

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15
Q

omohyoid

A

a muscle in the anterior triangle of the neck

has a superior and inferior belly

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16
Q

diagastric

A

either elevates the hyoid bone or depresses the mandible

has anterior and posterior bellow

superior hyoid muscle

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17
Q

what do superior hyoid muscles do?

A

either elevate hyoid or depress mandible

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18
Q

what are the superior hyoid muscles?

A

diagastric (anterior + posterior belly)

mylohyoid

stylohyoid

geniohyoid

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19
Q

geniohyoid

A

deep to the mylohyoid

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20
Q

how is the mylohyoid broken up?

A

into right and left part

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21
Q

where does the stylohyoid muscle sit?

A

anterior to the digastric

sits between the two bellies of the digastric muscle

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22
Q

what are the inferior hyoid muscles?

A

sternothyroid

sternohyoid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid (superior and inferior belly)

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23
Q

what do we mean by a “belly?”

A

a bend in the muscles

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24
Q

what depresses the thyroid cartilage?

A

the sternothyroid

an inferior hyoid muscle

25
Q

which muscles often depress the hyoid bone?

A

the inferior hyoids

26
Q

strap muscles

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles

27
Q

hyoid muscles are innervated by …

A

cranial nerves and cervical plexus

28
Q

How does C1 innervate both the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscle?

A

goes down cranial nerve 12 (hyoglossal nerve) and then splits into two nerves to innervate both muscles

we call this C1 via 12

29
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

a loop of nerves that innervates the strap muscles

additional fibers from C1 follow the hyoglossal nerve (cranial nerve 12) and then diverge again to follow the ansa cervicalis loop (superiorly)

C2 and C3 form the inferior part of the loop

30
Q

what do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into?

A

internal and external carotids

31
Q

where does detection of hypoxia or hypercapnia occur?

A

group of chemoreceptors posterior to carotid artery bifurcation

32
Q

hypercapnia

A

too much CO2

33
Q

carotid sinus

A

on internal carotid artery

contains baroreceptors to sense BP

34
Q

what innervates the carotid sinus and carotid body?

A

the carotid nerve

a branch of cranial nerve 9

35
Q

does the internal carotid have any branches?

A

not in the neck!

goes straight into the brain

36
Q

how many branches does the external carotid give off?

A

8

37
Q

how can you remember the arteries that branch from the external carotid?

A

Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa’s Only Apple

38
Q

maxillary artery

A

originated behind the mandible

4th branch of external carotid

has 17 branches to supply the facial region w blood!

39
Q

superficial temporal artery

A

just a continuation of the external carotid but technically a branch

40
Q

Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa’s Only Apple

A

S - superior thyroid a
L - lingual a
F - facial a
M - maxillary a
S - superficial temporal
P - posterior auricular
O - occipital
A - ascending pharyngeal

41
Q

How do the branches of the external branches ascend?

A

anteriorly to posteriorly

42
Q

vertebral artery

A

a branch of the subclavian artery

goes through transverse foramen to take blood to the brain

43
Q

thyrocervical trunk

A

a branch of the subclavian artery

has 3 branches (inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery)

44
Q

costocervical trunk

A

a branch of subclavian artery

2 branches (supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery)

45
Q

where do the veins ultimately drain from head and neck?

A

through the jugulars

46
Q

what 2 veins form the retromandibular vein?

A

the superficial temporal and maxillary veins

this happens in the CAROTID GLAND

47
Q

after the retromandibular vein forms what happens?

A

it bifurcates into anterior and posterior portions

48
Q

what happens to anterior retromandibular?

A

joins with facial vein and then drains into the internal jugular vein

49
Q

what happens to the posterior retromandibular vein?

A

joins with the posterior auricular vein

drains into the external jugular vein

50
Q

what is the external jugular vein external to?

A

the SCM

51
Q

what has to happen to the external jugular vein?

A

it drains into subclavian vein which then links with internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

52
Q

accessory nerve

A

cranial nerve 11

we can see in the neck

53
Q

where is the vagus nerve in the neck?

A

passes through carotid sheath

54
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

vagus nerve

55
Q

superior laryngeal nerve

A

a branch of vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)

splits into internal and external laryngeal nerve

56
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

a branch of the vagus nerve

we saw the left one at the aortic arch!

the right one is at the right subclavian artery

57
Q

what is the carotid sheath?

A

contains internal and external carotids

the vagus nerve is also in the carotid sheath

vagus nerve is in the middle of the external and internal carotids

58
Q
A

Anatomy (8 decks)

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