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Gross Anatomy > Thoracic Wall and Muscles of Respiration > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall and Muscles of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

pectoralis major

A

primarily acts on the shoulder joint
innervated by both the medial and lateral pectoral nerves
because it attaches to the ribs /can elevate ribs- it assists in forced inspiration.

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2
Q

pectoralis minor

A

muscle deep to the pec. major and acts indirectly on the shoulder joint by helping stabilize it
innervated by the medial pectoral nerve

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3
Q

proximal and distal attachments of pectoralis major

A

proximal
1. clavicular head - medial 1/2 of clavicle
2. sternocostal head-anterior surface of sternum costal cartilages 1-6
Distal
1. lateral lip of the intertubercular (biciptal groove) of the humerus

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4
Q

serratus anterior

A 
major muscle of UE
accessory in respiration 
proximal attachment 
- external surfaces of ribs 1-8
distal attachment
-anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
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5
Q

external intercostal muscles

A

anteriorly, fibers directed from superolateral to inferiormedial
tubercle of rib to costochondral junction

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6
Q

external intercostal membrane

A

anterior to internal intercostal muscles and replaces the external intercostal muscles anteriorly

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7
Q

subclavius

A

proximal attachment
-1st rib
distal attachment
-clavicle middle 1/3

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8
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

anteriorly, fibers are directed superomedial to inferolateral
angle of ribs to sternum

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9
Q

innermost intercostal muscles

A

tend to run in sam direction as the internal inercostal muscles
only present laterally

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10
Q

subcostal muscles

A

muscles usually cross intercostal spaces but are variable

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11
Q

transversus thoracic muscles

A

internal surface of the anterior thoracic wall
inferior attachment
-on sternum
extend superiorly to attch onto costal cartilages 3-6

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12
Q

internal thoracic artery and vein

A

course vertically on the internal surface of the thoracic cage, lateral to the sternum

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13
Q

internal thoracic artery

A

branch of subclavian

supplies chest wall as well as the breasts

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14
Q

internal thoracic vein

A

empties into the brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

intercostal vein, artey, and nerves

A

each intercostal space has all three
travel between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles
travel within the costal groove

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16
Q

intercostal nerves

A

T1-T11 (T12 is cubcostal )

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17
Q

intercostal arteries

A

posterior - arise from aorta

anterior- arise from the internal thoracic artery

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18
Q

intercostal veins

A

posterior- empty into azygous venous system

anterior - empty into the internal thoracic veins

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19
Q

diaphragm

A

major muscle of respiration
innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3,4,5 keeps you alive)
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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20
Q

dorsal body cavities

A

cranial and vertebral

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21
Q

ventral body cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

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22
Q

what separates the abdominal cavity from thoracic?

A

diaphragm

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23
Q

T/F the abdominal and pelvic cavities are not physicall separated

A

TRUE - they are not

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24
Q

division of thoracic cavity

A

THREE

  1. (2) pulmonary cavities - lungs
  2. mediastinum - further subdivided into 1. superior and 2. inferior (anterior, middle-heart, and posterior)
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25
Q

what does the thoracic cage (bony structure of thorax) include and functions?

A 
12 thoracic vertebrae and discs
12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilage 
sternum
functions:
protects the heart, serves as an ATTACHMENT site for muscles (including muscles of respiration), and costal cartilages and joints contributing to the flexibility of the cage
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26
Q

vertebrae structure (number and curvature posteriorly)

A 
7 cervical, concave - lordosis
12 thoracic, convex- kyphosis 
5 lumbar, concave-
5 sacral, convex-
4 coccygeal (fused)
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27
Q

normal curvature of the spine

A

anteroposterior

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28
Q

intervertebral disc structure

A

annulus fibrosus - outer fibrocartilaginous rings

nucleus pulposa - inner gelatinous material

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29
Q

type of joint between the bony vertebra and intervertebral disc

A

symphysis

bones united by fibrous cartilage

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30
Q

which curves are primary curves?

A

thoracic and sacral

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31
Q

secondary curves in spine

A

cervical and lumbar curves - concave posterior

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32
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature to the spine

this term always indicates an abnormal curvature

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33
Q

the body, pedicle, transverse process, lamina, spinous process, articulating processes (superior and inferior),
articular facets are components of what?

A

specific vertebral components

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34
Q

details on articular facets

A

flat surface where bones articulate (vertebra, and ribs)
these are synovial joints
facets have hyaline cartilage
superior and inferior articular processes form zygapophysial joints, but called facet joints

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35
Q

trend of size of intervertebral foramen

A

get smaller as go more caudal

lumbar openings not as large

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36
Q

major points of difference between lumbar vs. thoracic vertebra

A
  • Body -upper thoracic smaller than lumbar body
  • Spinous process- in thoracic it is large and points inferior. Lumbar process is short and stuby - indicating more ability to move in lumbar region
  • Articular/costal facets-THORACIC VERTEBRAE HAVE A TRANSVERSE COSTAL FACET off of the transverse process and SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR COSTAL FACETS - on the body
37
Q

components of a typical rib

A 
Head - 2 FACETS
Neck
Tubercle - transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae 
Angle
Costal groove
38
Q

head of thoracic rib

A

two facets that articulate with the vertebral body at the same level and the body that is superior to it

39
Q

Neck of thoracic rib

A

neck is between the head and the tubercle

40
Q

Tubercle of thoracic rib

A

tubercle has articulating facets for the transverse process of the vertebral body at same level

41
Q

angle of rib

A

rib turns anterolateral

flattens out as come around (more bulky in the posterior where contacting with the vertebral body)

42
Q

costal groove of rib

A

location of intercostal nerve, artery, and vein

43
Q

costo-transverse joint

A

transverse process of vertebra of same number as rib and the tubercle of rib

44
Q

costovertebral joints

A

head of rib - body of rib superior to rib and body of rib at same level at the costal facets on body
*intervertebral disc positioned between the two bodies

45
Q

example.. 7th rib will articulate with?

A

7th rib head- articulating with Body of T6 and T7

7th rib tubercle articulating with transverse process w/ facet of same level vertebral body (T7)

46
Q

atypical ribs

A

1st and 2nd rib and 10-12

47
Q

typical ribs

A

3-9

48
Q

what type of costal cartilage do ribs have?

A

hyaline cartilage

49
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

50
Q

false ribs

A

8-10

51
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12

52
Q

costochondral joints

A

ribs with the costal cartilage = synchondrosis

53
Q

sternocostal joints

A

sternum with costal cartilage -1st rib=synchondrosis - rib with costal cartilage
2nd-7 ribs = plane synovial joint

54
Q

interchondral joints

A

between costal cartilages - synovial (most)

55
Q

synchondrosis unites what

A

bones united by hyaline cartilage

56
Q

symphsis unites what

A

bones united by fibrous cartilage

57
Q

components of the sternum

A

Manubrium (most superior)
Body
Xiphoid process

58
Q

Manubrium

A

jugular notch = suprasternal notch

sternal angle

59
Q

sternal angle and what joint

A

this is the manubriosternal joint which is a symphysis - bones connected by fibrous cartilage
at the inferior portion of the manubrium
this is at notch two
JUNCTION B/W THIS AND BODY

60
Q

what to note on body of sternum

A

costal notches - articulation for the costal cartilages

61
Q

xiphoid process and what joint

A

Xiphisternal joint which is a synchondrosis (bones connected by hyaline cartilage) at 7th notch
inferior portion of sternum
this joint will often fuse in older adults

62
Q

Proximal and distal attachments of pectoralis major

A

proximal attachments
1. medial half of clavicular head of clavical
2. sternocostal head- anterior surface of sternum. costal cartilages 1-6
Distal
1. lateral lip of the intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the humerus

63
Q

proximal and distal attachments of serratus anterior

A

distal : anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
proximal: external surfaces of ribs 1-8 (lateral)

64
Q

pectoralis minor

innervation and action

A

innervated by the medial pectoral nerve

accessory muscle of respiration (forced inspiration)

65
Q

subclavius muscle innervation and action

A

n. to subclavius
accessory muscle of respiration (forced inspiration
ELEVATES first rib

66
Q

attachments of pectoralis minor

A

proximal : external surfaces of ribs 3-5

  • 1-8 = serratus anterior
    distal: coracoid process of scapula
67
Q

attachments of subclavius

A

proximal : 1st rib (makes sense because it lifts the 1st rib in function)
distal: clavicle (middle 1/3)

68
Q

intercostal muscle divisoin

A

External intercostal muscles
Internal intercostal muscles
innermost intercostal muscles

69
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

anteriorly- Fibers run like putting hands in pocket - superorlateral to inferior medial
go from tubercle of rib (transverse process of same level body vertebrae) to costochondral junction and replaced anteriorly by the external intercostal membrane

70
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A

Anteriorly, fibers are directed from superiomedial to inferiolateral (opposite of external)
Go from angle of ribs to sternum
replaced posteriorly by internal intercostal membrane

71
Q

innermost intercostal muscles

A

only present laterally and tend to run in same direction from superiormedial to inferior lateral like the internal intercostal muscles

72
Q

muscles on the internal surface of the thoracic cage

A

subcostal muscles

transversus thoracic muscles

73
Q

subcostal muscles

A

these muscles usually CROSS two intercostal spaces (variable though)

74
Q

Transversus thoracis muscle

attachments and function

A

accessory muscles to respiration
4-5 muscle slips in internal aspect of thoracic cavity wall
attach from costal cartilages about 3-6 and pass towards inferior medial aspect of the lower body of the sternum and xiphoid process

75
Q

components of intercostal space

A

each intercostal space has a vein, artery, and nerve (VAN)

76
Q

where are the internal intercostal V,A, and N’s?

A

only between the internal intercostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles
travel within the costal groove of the rib
V- most superior N- most inferior

77
Q

intercostal nerves

A

t1-t11 (t12 is subcostal)

78
Q

intercostal arteries

Post/Ant portions

A

Posterior - arise from the aorta
Anterior - arise from the internal thoracic artery
(internal thoracic artery is a branch of the subclavian artery)

79
Q

intercostal veins

Post/Ant portions

A

Posterior- empty into the azygous venous system - see medistinum lecture
Anterior - empty into the internal thoracic veins

80
Q

Astemosis

A

anterior and posterior arteries will of intercostal will come together

81
Q

Diaphragm
Function and innervation
what does it separate?

A

major muscle of respiration
innervated by the phrenic nerve (c3,4,5 keep you alive)
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

82
Q

Attachments of diaphragm

A

Xiphoid process, lower ribs and costocartilages, upper lumbar vertebrae (L1-L3)

83
Q

3 openings/ hiatus of diaphragm and level

A
  1. Caval (inferior vena cava) @ T8
  2. Esophogeal hiatus @T10
  3. Aortic hiatus @T12 - POSTERIOR to diaphragm - doesnt go through
    ‘I(IVC) ate(8) ten eggs (Esoph) at (aorta) twelve)
84
Q

inspiration and expiration does what to the thoracic volume?

A

Inspiration? - expands thoracic volume (secondary to the other effects)
Expiration? - decreases thoracic volume

85
Q

Inspiration…

A

Diaphragm CONTRACTS AND DESCENDS - increasing vertical height of thorax and compressing the abdominal viscera
CONTRACTION OF INTER-COSTAL MUSCLES - causes an increase in the anteroposterior (AP) dimension of the thorax via movement of the ribs and sternum
CONTRACTION OF INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES - increase in lateral dimensions of thorax via movement of the lateral aspect of the ribs

86
Q

accessory muscles to inspiration

A

sternocleidomastoid
pec major and minor
serratus anterior

87
Q

principle muscle of inspiration

A

external intercostal muscles

internal intercostals -interchondral part

88
Q

primary muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm - increasing dimensions of thorax in multiple planes

89
Q

muscles involved in forced expiration

A

internal intercostal
abdominal muscles
rectus abdominous
external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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