Gross Anatomy of Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

GVE

Answer 1

general visceral efferent fibers

controlling INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS- like vascular tone, glandular secretions

Question 2

what are gve fibers accompanied by

Answer 2

GVA - general visceral afferent

Question 3

GVA

Answer 3

general visceral affarent - accompany the GVE fibers and carry pain information to the CNS and represent the afferent limb of the auotonomic reflex

Question 4

General organization of the ANS (autonomic nervous system)

Answer 4

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions - both consist of a two neuronal chain
FIRST SOMA neuron = CNS
SECOND SOMA = PNS

Question 5

major characteristic of the pre ganglionic neuron in the CNS

Answer 5

MYELINATED

Question 6

GVE make up what

Answer 6

general visceral efferent for the cranial and spinal nerves

Question 7

Soma of the pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 7

LATERAL HORN of the spinal cord (intermerdiolateral cell column) T1-L2/L3

Question 8

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers leave..

Answer 8

anterior horn of spinal cord

Question 9

Three things Preganglionic sympathetic fibers do when leave …

Answer 9

1. Synapse in sympathetic chain at same level
2. Ascend or descend in the sympathetic chain/trunk prior to synapsing at a different level
3. PASS THROUGH the sympathetic chain WITHOUT SYNAPSING and travel to prevertebral ganglia
   like celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior-mesenteric, aorticorenal

Question 10

what forms the sympathetic chain ganglia

Answer 10

Soma of the postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 11

Sympathetic ganglia

Answer 11

3 cervical - superior middle and inferior cervical
10-12 thoracic ganglia
4 lumbar
4-5 sacral

Question 12

locations of the cervical ganglia

superior, middle, and inferior

Answer 12

superior - c1-c2
middle - C6 at cricoid cartilage
inferior- c7

Question 13

stellate ganglia

Answer 13

in about 80% of individuals C7 ganglia and and T1 ganglia are fused forming this stellate ganglia

Question 14

T/F parasympathetic fibers do NOT travel to limbs or body wall.
elaborate on the fact

Answer 14

TRUE -
POST GANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC they course to all spinal nerves- and into most of the nerves that course into extremities and along the body wall (like intercostal nerves)
AND to blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles - and virtually reach all parts of body
NO INNERVATION AT AVASCULAR TISSUE AND CARTILAGE AND NAILS

IT IS THE PARASYMPATHETIC FIBERS THAT DO NOT TRAVEL TO THE LIMBS OR BODY WALL

Question 15

Fibers in dental plexus

Answer 15

GVE- general visceral efferent

Question 16

what fibers does the dental pulp receive? what do they control?

Answer 16

receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion
The GVE fibers enter the pulp cavity along the blood vessesl and control vascular tone
may be GSA - transmit pain
may be GVA - provide CNS with information regarding the vascular tone

Question 17

Superior cervical ganglion

Answer 17

receives preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1-T3 spinal cord levels
Fibers will ascend in the sympathetic chain until they hit the superior cervical - location of synapse

Question 18

post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion leave and do what? (5 things)

Answer 18

when they leave - they 1. form the internal carotid plexus. Course along the ICA (internal carotid artery) to enter the cranial cavity - distributed with cranial nerves

2. form the external carotid plexus
3. course to the carotid body and carotid sinus (chemoreceptors and baroreceptors)
4. contribute to C1-C4 spinal nerves
5. contribute to the cardiac plexus via the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve

Question 19

external carotid plexus

Answer 19

formed from the postganglionic sympathetic fibers that leave the superior cervical ganglion and course along with the ECA (external carotid artery) into the face

Question 20

innervation to carotid body and sinus?

Answer 20

from postganglionic sympathetic fibers that leave the superior cervical ganglion

Question 21

innervation of C1-C4 spinal nerves?

Answer 21

post ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 22

cardiac plexus and cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerve form from?

Answer 22

the post ganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 23

middle cervical ganglion (pre and post)

Answer 23

smallest and may be absent
receives pregnaglionic sympathetic fibers from T1-T3 (maybe T4 and T5)
post ganglionic fibers from here fo and form the 1. C5 and C6 spinal nerves
2. cardiac plexus via the cardiopulmonary splanchnic neuron

Question 24

inferior cervical ganglion

Answer 24

aka the stellate ganglion if fused with T1
mainly receives preganglionic sympathetic fibers from T1-T3 and post ganglionic give rise to 1. C7 and C8 spinal nerves and 2. the cardiac plexus via the cardiopulmonary splanchnic neuron