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Gross Anatomy > Terminology and Overview of Skeletal System > Flashcards

Terminology and Overview of Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Median (Midsaggittal)

A

Left/Right

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2
Q

Sagittal

A

slides the median plane to the left or the right

could have infinite number of slices

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3
Q

Frontal AKA

A

Coronal
Front/Back cuts
could have infinite number of parallel planes

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4
Q

transverse AKA

A

Horizontal

Top and Bottom

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5
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs and the girdles (pelvis) *foundation of lower extremity

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7
Q

fossa

A

depression in bone

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8
Q

groove

A

depression in bone that accommodates a structure

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9
Q

Tubercle

A

rounded projection, usually blunt and irregular

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10
Q

articular facets

A

small, shallow depression, articulating with another bone

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11
Q

notch

A

deep indentation or narrow gap

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12
Q

foramen

A

hole for blood vessels and nerves to pass

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13
Q

skeletal articulations

A

or joints

how two bones come together

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14
Q

fibrous joints

A

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

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15
Q

cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous joint

A

synchondrosis, symphysis

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16
Q

types of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous or fibrocartilaginous
synovial

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17
Q

suture

A

type of fibrous joint
example- bones in skull
held together by sharpey’s fibers
some flexibility (small)

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18
Q

syndesmosis

A

fibrous joint
- sheet of fibrous tissue joining two bones
example - radius and ulna

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19
Q

gomphosis

A 
type of fibrous joint 
*teeth and alveolar bone 
peg- like articulation
tooth in bone and held with fibrous- sharpey's fibers
pdl
20
Q

synchondrosis

define primary

A

type of cartilaginous joint
see cartilage between - growth plate
growth plate will disappear
bone 1 and 2 joined by growth plate
primary = first time developing use the plate and plate/cartilage disappears
BONES UNITED BY HYALINE CARTILAGE
example- costochondral joints and sternocostal joint and xiphisternal joint

21
Q

symphysis

A

type of cartilagenous joint
SECONDARY
BONES UNITED BY FIBROUS CARTILAGE - two bones with pad of fibrocartilage
example- manubriosternal joint
manubrium (superior part of the sternum)
ALSO THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

22
Q

synovial joint

A 
joint capsule of fibrous tissue
joint cavity enclosed by capsule
synovial membrane lining capsule
synovial fluid covereing joint surfaces
usually hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces 
LOOK AT PICTURE
23
Q

types of synovial joints and their movements

A

plane (gliding) - no clear axis of motion
hinge (knee) and pivot(radius/ulna with humerus=elbow) - uniaxial, movement in one direction
condyloid (fingers) and saddle (thumb is example) - biaxial - two axis of movement
Ball and socket - triaxial = shoulder
- will then need three muscles because three separate movements

24
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

25
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone

26
Q

hilton’s law

A

blood supply and innervation to joint are from same blood vessels and nerves that supply the muscles around the joint
CRUCIAL IN PROPRIOCEPTION

27
Q

extrinsic muscle

A

a muscle that has one attachment outside the region of interest

28
Q

intrinsic muscle

A

begin in end in region itself

29
Q

move head forward

A

flexion

so back = extension

30
Q

palm facing up and move arm up

A

flexion

so back is extension

31
Q

leg straight and move forward

A

flexion

so extension is leg moved back while straight

32
Q

bending knee

A

bending knee back = flexion

33
Q

palm not facing up and moving hand down

A

flexion

34
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

inflammatory arthritis - autoimmune so see symmetry from right to left (like in hands)
symmetric
typical deformities
body attacking synovial joints

35
Q

osteoarthritis

A

wear on joint surfaces- so breakdown of the synovial joints
may be unilateral
occurring more on weight-bearing joints

36
Q

plane/ gliding is…

example?

A

synovial joint - no definite plane of motion - example is wrist - articulation is flat surface

37
Q

hinge and pivot joints

example

A

synovial joint that move in one axis
hinge - knee or elbow which move in sagital plane - front and back
pivot = radius and ulna (rotary movement)

38
Q

condyloid and saddle joint

examples

A

2 axial synovial joints
condyloid - fingers - movement is sagital and coronal(frontal) (front back and left right)
saddle- thumb

39
Q

ball and socket

A 
tri-axial 
shoulder
movement in all planes
horizontal/transverse
frontal/coronal
sagital - left / right
40
Q

plane/gliding joint

A

uniaxial - NO CLEAR AXIS OF ROTATION
flat articulating surfaces
example is wrist and intervertebral
type of synovial

41
Q

HINGE joint

A

uniaxial
elbow and knee
knee is moving within the sagittal plane

42
Q

pivot joint

A

uniaxial
radius and ulna with the humerus
synovial

43
Q

condyloid

A

Bi-axial
in the fingers
movement can occur in two planes
finger is sagital and coronal plane

44
Q

saddle joint

A

bi-axial

thumb

45
Q

ball and socket

A 
tri-axial like shoulder
three planes
sagital 
frontal/coronal
transverse/horizontal = rotator

Gross Anatomy (6 decks)

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