Thoracic Wall Flashcards
Superior boundary of the thorax?
First thoracic vertebra
First pair of ribs and costal cartilages
Manubrium
Inferior boundary?
Twelfth thoracic vertebra
12th par of ribs and costal cartilages
xipihisternal joint
Larger of the two
What dermatome level does the xiphoid process mark?
Dermatome 6
What type of ribs are 1-7?
Vertebrosternal
What type of ribs are 8-10?
Vertebrochondral
What kind of ribs are 11 and 12?
Vertebral (floating)
Where does the tubercle articulate?
transverse process of vertebra with same number
Where does the head of the rib articulate?
Costal demifacets on adjacent thoracic vertebrae
What plane is the first rib in?
Transverse plane, others are in coronal plane
Where can superior and inferior costal demifacets be found?
TV 2-9
First spinous process to be palpated?
C7
Most prominent spinous process?
T1
Describe the atypical vertebra.
T1 has a superior costal facet not demifacet
T10 has one pair of costal facets part on body and part on pedicle
T11 and T12 have one pair of costal facets on pedicles
Describe typical rib articulation.
Heads articulate with demifacets of own number vertebra and the vertebra above and the intervertebral disc in between. The tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the same number verterbra.
How does the transverse process arise?
From vertebra at the intersection lamina and pedicle
Articular facets of TV are in ____ Plane.
Transverse
Sternal angle is marked by ___.
rib two
Where is apex heart beat heard?
fitfth intercostal space along midclavicular line
Where is aortic valve heard?
Second intercostal space on right side of sternum
Where is pulmonary valve heard?
Second intercostal space along left side of sternum
Where is tricuspid heard?
fifth intercostal space right side of sternum
Where is bicuspid heard?
Fifth intercostal space 10 cm to left of sternal line
What level of the rib can you find scapular angle?
7th
What vein drains the pectoral region?
axillary
What muscle would be pierced first if you were stabbed on the anterior side to the left of the sternum?
Internal intercostal
Where do external intercostals originate from?
extend from vertebrae posteriorly to junction of ribs and intercostal cartilages
Where do internal intercostals begin?
lateral edge of sternum and extend toward vertebral column
Where does the transversus thoracis originate?
inferior sternum and extends superolaterally to internal surface of upper ribs
What are the contents of the intercostal space?
Superior to inferior intercostal vein, intercostal arteries (posterior and anterior), Intercostal nerve
Where is the intercostal nerve derived from?
Ventral ramus of spinal nerve
What is the retromammary space?
potential space between breast and pectoral fascia
What is the sinus mammarumis?
space between two glands
What attaches the mammary gland to the dermis?
Coopers ligament
What is the Fibrous tela subcutanea?
CT surrounding entire gland
Fatty Tela subcutanea?
Adipose tissue deep to fibrous layer
Suspensory ligament of cooper?
bundles of collagen fibers in dermis and hypodermis
What is the arterial supply to the breast?
Anterior perforating arteries(internal thoracic)
Lateral thoracic artery
Where does 75% of lymph from breast go?
Axillary lymph nodes (pectoral, central, apical)
What is the innervation to the breast?
Lateral mammary
Intercostal nerves
Medial mammary nerve
Supraclavicular nerve
