Thoracic wall Flashcards
What are the parts of the sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
The sternum is a major site for what?
Production of Red Blood Cells
What are the anatomical variations of the xiphoid process
Bifid
can have xiphoid foramen
What intervertebral disc level is the sternal angle found at
T4/T5
What can cause a barreled chest
Living at high elevation
People with COPD
What is the superior thoracic aperture (inlet) bounded by
Manubrium
First rib
T1
what is the inferior thoracic aperture (outlet) bounded by
Xiphoid process Costal margin Twelth rib Distal end of eleventh rib T12
What are the groups of ribs that are divided based on patterns of articulation
True ribs (1-7) False ribs (8-12)
What are the group ribs that are divided based on morphology
Typical ribs (3-9) Atypical ribs (1,2,10,11,12)
What ribs are known as floating ribs
11 and 12
What is the difference between a false and true rib
False ribs do not articulate with the sternum directly, they attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above
What is the function of the thoracic cage?
Protection
Muscle attachments
Respiration
What are the muscles of the thoracic wall
External intercostal muscle Internal intercostal muscle Innermost intercostal muscle Subcostalis muscle Transversus thoracis muslce
What is the second most important muscle in respiration
External intercostal muscle
What direction do the external intercostal muscles run
Downward and forward
What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle
Depress the ribs in forced expiration
What direction do the internal intercostal muscles run
Downward and backward
What is the function of the innermost intercostal muscles
Depress the fibs in forced expiration
What direction do the innermost intercostal muscles run
Downward and backward
What do all the intercostal muscles prevent?
Pushing or drawing out of the intercostal spaces during respiration
What muscles are specialization of the innermost intercostal muscle
Subcostalis muscle
Transversus thoracis
What is the function of the subcostalis and transversus thoracics muscles
Depresses the ribs during forced expiration
The internal thoracic artery comes off of what artery?
Subclavian artery
What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery
Pericardiacophrenic artery
Anterior intercostal arteries
Musculophrenic artery
superior epigastric artery
What supplies the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall?
Supreme intercostal artery
Third through eleventh posterior intercostal arteries
subcostal artery
What vein drains the anterior thoracic wall
Internal thoracic vein
What drains the posterior thoracic wall
Azygos system of veins
What does Azygos mean
Not Paired
What does the (right) first posterior intercostal drain into
Brachiocephalic vein
What does the (right )2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal drain into?
Superior intercostal vein
What does the (right) 4th and 11th posterior intercostal veins and subcostal vein drain into
Azygos vein
What does the (right) superior intercostal vein drain into
Azygos vein
What does the (left) 1st posterior intercostal drain into
Brachiocephalic vein
What does the (left) 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal vein join to form?
Superior intercostal vein
What does the left superior intercostal vein drain into
Left Brachiocephalic vein
what does the (left) 4th through 8th posterior intercostal vein join to form
Accessory hemiazygos vein
What does the Accessory Hemiazygos vein drain into
It drains into the azygos vein
What does the (left) 9th though 11th posterior intercostal vein and the subcotal vein joint to form?
Hemiazygos vein
What does the Hemiazygos vein drain into?
The Azygos vein
The azygos and hemiazygos vein are thoracic continuations of what vein
Left and right ascending lumber veins
What are the nerves of the thoracic wall?
Intercostal nerve
Subcostal nerve
Where does the intercostal nerves originae from
Anterior Primary rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves
Where does the subcostal nerve originate from
Anterior primary rami f the 12th thoracis spinal nerve
What is the function of the endothoracic fascia
Prevent rubbing against parietal pleura
What is it called when the parietal plaura thickens on the apex of the lung
Suprapleural membrane
What is contained in the intercostal space
Intercostal artery
Intercostal Vein
Intercostal Nerve
