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Gorss Anatomy 2 Exam 2 > Thoracic wall > Flashcards

Thoracic wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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2
Q

The sternum is a major site for what?

A

Production of Red Blood Cells

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3
Q

What are the anatomical variations of the xiphoid process

A

Bifid

can have xiphoid foramen

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4
Q

What intervertebral disc level is the sternal angle found at

A

T4/T5

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5
Q

What can cause a barreled chest

A

Living at high elevation

People with COPD

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6
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture (inlet) bounded by

A

Manubrium
First rib
T1

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7
Q

what is the inferior thoracic aperture (outlet) bounded by

A 
Xiphoid process
Costal margin
Twelth rib
Distal end of eleventh rib
T12
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8
Q

What are the groups of ribs that are divided based on patterns of articulation

A 
True ribs (1-7)
False ribs (8-12)
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9
Q

What are the group ribs that are divided based on morphology

A 
Typical ribs (3-9)
Atypical ribs (1,2,10,11,12)
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10
Q

What ribs are known as floating ribs

A

11 and 12

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11
Q

What is the difference between a false and true rib

A

False ribs do not articulate with the sternum directly, they attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above

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12
Q

What is the function of the thoracic cage?

A

Protection
Muscle attachments
Respiration

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13
Q

What are the muscles of the thoracic wall

A 
External intercostal muscle
Internal intercostal muscle
Innermost intercostal muscle
Subcostalis muscle
Transversus thoracis muslce
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14
Q

What is the second most important muscle in respiration

A

External intercostal muscle

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15
Q

What direction do the external intercostal muscles run

A

Downward and forward

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16
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle

A

Depress the ribs in forced expiration

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17
Q

What direction do the internal intercostal muscles run

A

Downward and backward

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18
Q

What is the function of the innermost intercostal muscles

A

Depress the fibs in forced expiration

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19
Q

What direction do the innermost intercostal muscles run

A

Downward and backward

20
Q

What do all the intercostal muscles prevent?

A

Pushing or drawing out of the intercostal spaces during respiration

21
Q

What muscles are specialization of the innermost intercostal muscle

A

Subcostalis muscle

Transversus thoracis

22
Q

What is the function of the subcostalis and transversus thoracics muscles

A

Depresses the ribs during forced expiration

23
Q

The internal thoracic artery comes off of what artery?

A

Subclavian artery

24
Q

What are the branches of the internal thoracic artery

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery
Anterior intercostal arteries
Musculophrenic artery
superior epigastric artery

25
Q

What supplies the posterior aspect of the thoracic wall?

A

Supreme intercostal artery
Third through eleventh posterior intercostal arteries
subcostal artery

26
Q

What vein drains the anterior thoracic wall

A

Internal thoracic vein

27
Q

What drains the posterior thoracic wall

A

Azygos system of veins

28
Q

What does Azygos mean

A

Not Paired

29
Q

What does the (right) first posterior intercostal drain into

A

Brachiocephalic vein

30
Q

What does the (right )2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal drain into?

A

Superior intercostal vein

31
Q

What does the (right) 4th and 11th posterior intercostal veins and subcostal vein drain into

A

Azygos vein

32
Q

What does the (right) superior intercostal vein drain into

A

Azygos vein

33
Q

What does the (left) 1st posterior intercostal drain into

A

Brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

What does the (left) 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal vein join to form?

A

Superior intercostal vein

35
Q

What does the left superior intercostal vein drain into

A

Left Brachiocephalic vein

36
Q

what does the (left) 4th through 8th posterior intercostal vein join to form

A

Accessory hemiazygos vein

37
Q

What does the Accessory Hemiazygos vein drain into

A

It drains into the azygos vein

38
Q

What does the (left) 9th though 11th posterior intercostal vein and the subcotal vein joint to form?

A

Hemiazygos vein

39
Q

What does the Hemiazygos vein drain into?

A

The Azygos vein

40
Q

The azygos and hemiazygos vein are thoracic continuations of what vein

A

Left and right ascending lumber veins

41
Q

What are the nerves of the thoracic wall?

A

Intercostal nerve

Subcostal nerve

42
Q

Where does the intercostal nerves originae from

A

Anterior Primary rami of the first 11 thoracic spinal nerves

43
Q

Where does the subcostal nerve originate from

A

Anterior primary rami f the 12th thoracis spinal nerve

44
Q

What is the function of the endothoracic fascia

A

Prevent rubbing against parietal pleura

45
Q

What is it called when the parietal plaura thickens on the apex of the lung

A

Suprapleural membrane

46
Q

What is contained in the intercostal space

A

Intercostal artery
Intercostal Vein
Intercostal Nerve

Gorss Anatomy 2 Exam 2 (12 decks)

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