Larynx Flashcards
What are the functions of the larynx
Prevent the passage of food into airway
Regulates the flow of air into lungs
Vocalization
How long is the larynx
3cm
What vertebral level can the larynx be found at
C3 and C6
What are the cartilages of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Epiglottic Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilages Corniculate Cartilages Cuneiform Cartilages
What part of the Thyroid cartilage is known as the adams apple?
Laryngeal Prominence
What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the cricoid cartilage to form the cricoid joint
Inferior horn
What does the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage provide attachment for?
Inferior constrictor
Sternothyroid
thyrohyoid muscles
What part of the thyroid cartilage articulates with the greater horn of the thyroid bone?
Superior Horn
Which laryngeal cartilage is shaped like a signet ring
Cricoid cartilage
What attaches the epiglottic Cartilage to the laryngeal prominance
Thryoepiglottic ligament
Which laryngeal cartilage gives attachment to the vocal ligament and intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Arytenoid Cartilages
Which laryngeal cartilages can ossify and be mistaken as a fracture on an X-ray
Corniculate Cartilages
Cuneiform Cartilages
What are the joints of the larynx
Cricothyroid joint
Criocarytenoid joint
What does the cricothyroid joint permit
Rotation of the thyroid cartilage around a horizontal axis
What does the cricoarytenoid joint permit
Gliding and rotation of the arytenoid cartilage on the cricoid cartilage
What are the ligaments of the larynx
Thyrohyoid membrane median criocothyroid ligament Vocal ligament Conus Elasticus Quadrangular membrane
What pierces the Thyrohyoid membrane
Internal laryngeal nerve
Superior laryngeal vessels
What does the superior margin of the quadrangular membrane form
Aryepiglottic ligament within aryepiglottic flod
What does the inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane form
Vestibular ligament within the vestibular fold
What are the two folds in the larynx
vestibular folds (False Cords) Vocal Folds (True Cords)
What is the function of the vestibular folds?
Protection - initiates coughing reflex
What forms the bulk of the vocal fold/.
Vocalis muscles
What is the space between vestibular folds
Rima Vestibuli
What is the space between the vocal folds
Rima Glottidis
What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity
Rima Glottidis
What are the three cavities of the larynx
Laryngeal Vestibule - Laryngeal inlet to False Cords
Laryngeal Ventricles - Between true and false cords
Infraglottic Cavity - Vocal fold to cricoid cartilage
What part of the laryngeal ventricle contains glands that lubricate the vocal folds?
Laryngeal saccule
What is the primary function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Elevate and Depress the Larynx as a whole
What is Partial Aphoria
Horssness in voice
What are the causes of Partial Aphoria
Depletion of lubricant in laryngeal saccule
inflammation of vocal folds (Laryngitis)
What are the Elevators of the Larynx
Thyrohyoid Stylohyoid Mylohyoid Digastric Stylopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus
What are the Depressors of the Larynx
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
What are the intrinsic muscles of the Larynx
Cricothyroid Posterior Cricoarytenoid Lateral Cricoartyenoid Transverse Arytenoid Oblique Artenoid Aryepiglottic Thyroepiglottic Thyroarytenoid Vocalis
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve? What innervates it?
Cricothyroid
External laryngeal nerve
What is the function of the Cricothyroid
Increase pitch
What is the largest intrinsic laryngeal muscle
Posterior Cruciartyenoid Muscle
What muscle allows us to open up out throat when we breath deeply
Posterior Cruciartyenoid muscle
What muscle allows us to whisper?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
What two muscles are responsible for closing the Rima Glotiddis when we cough/sneeze
Transverse arytenoid muscle
Oblique arytenoid muscle
What muscle is a continuation of the oblique arytenoid and closes the laryngeal inlet when swallowing
Aryepiglottic muscle
What muscle deepens pitch
Thyroarytenoid muscle
What muscle is involved fine tuning of vocal cords
Vocalis muscles
What is phonation
speaking
Why do males have a lower voice
Length of vocal cords
Size of resonating chamber
Thickness of cords
What hormone causes vocal cords the thicken
Androgen
What nerves innervate the larynx
Recurrent Laryngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal nerve
External laryngeal nerve
What nerve provides sensory supply to the mucosa below the vocal folds and motor to most laryngeal muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What nerve provides sensory supply to the mucosa above the vocal folds
Internal laryngeal nerve
What nerve gives motor supply to the cricothyroid and interior constrictor muscles
External laryngeal nerve
What arteries give blood supply to the laynx
Superior laryngeal artery
Inferior laryngeal artery
