Lungs Flashcards
What are the surfaces on each lung
Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic
What boarder is the sharp thin boarder of the lung
Anterior
What is the broad rounded boarder of the lung
Posterior
Where is the hilum of the lung located?
on the mediastinal surface
What is found in the hilum of the lung
Main bronchi, veins and arteries
What structures form the root of the lung
Bronchi
pulmonary vessels
nerves
lymphatics
What is the pulmonary ligament
A double layered membrane that extends down from the pleura covering the hilum
How many brochopulmonary segments are there in the lung
10
What fissures are in the right lung
Oblique
Horzontal
What are the lobes of the right lung
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What are some unique surface features on the right lung
Cardiac impression
Groove for Azygos vein
Groove for the esophagus
What fissue does the left lung have
Oblique fissue
What are the two lobes of the left lung
Superior
Inferior
What is the lingula
Part of left lung thought to have been a potential third lobe
What is the functional unit of the lung
Bronchopulmonary segments
What does each bronchopulmonary consist of
Segmental bronchus
Branch of pulmonary artery
segment of lung tissue
surrounding septum
Can bronchopulmonary segments be removed?
Yes, and they can be removed without affecting function of adjacent segments
What gives arterial blood supply and venous supply to the heart
Bronchial arteries
Bronchial veins
What are the structures (in order) of the tracheobronchial tree
Trachea Main Bronchi Lobar Bronchi Segmental Bronchi Broncholes Alveoli
What parts of the tracheobronchial tree is made of cartilagenous rings
Trachea
Main bronchi
Lobar bonchi
What part of the tracheobronchial tree is made of smooth muscle
Segmental bronchi
Broncholes
What part of the tracheobronchial tree is made from a permeable membrane
Alveoli
Where in the tracheobronchial tree would bronchiolitis occur
Segmental bronchi
Broncholes
Where in the tracheobronchial tree would pneumonia occcur
Alveoli
What nerve gives parasympathetic and sensory information to the lung
Vagus
What nerve gives sympathetic and sensory innvervation to the lung
Sympathetic trunk
What does sympathetic activation of the lung cause
Bronchial dilation
Vasoconstriction
Decrease glandular secretion
What does parasympathetic activation cause
Bronchial constriction
Vasodilation
Increase glandular secretion
What are the two types of asthma
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
What triggers extrinsic asthma
Allergens
What triggers intrinsic asthma
Non-allergenic stimuli
Stress, cold, exercise
What does asthma cause
Spasms of smooth muscle of segmental bronchi and bronchioles
Excessive mucus secretion
Someone who has asthma may have a subluxation where
Upper Thoracic (T2-T5 where sympathetic trunk is located)
Where does the lymphatics of the lung drain into
Pulmonary and bronchopulmonary nodes in hilum
What do the pulmonary and bronchopulmonary nodes drain into
tracheobronchial nodes
Why is the lung rich with lymphatics
Because it is in contact with the environment
What is Bronchogenic carcinoma
Primary tumor of the lungs
What node is often enlarged when bronchogenic carcinoma is present
Sentinal node
What nerves may be affected due to lung cancer
Phrenic nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where may someone with bronchogenic carcinoma have refered pain
upper or middle thoracic cord segments
