Thoracic Trauma Flashcards
What is the biggest concern with chest contusions?
Hypoventilation
What are some signs and symptoms of chest wall injuries?
Erythma, ecchymosis, Dyspnea, pain on breathing, limited breath sounds, crepitus, and paradoxical chest wall motion
What is the most common result of blunt injury?
Contusion
What can restore tidal volume with a flail chest?
Positive pressure ventilation
What is a simple pneumothorax?
Occurs when lung tissue is disrupted and air leaks into the pleural space
What is atelectasis?
Alveoli collapse
Which pulmonary injury has no associated mediastinal shift?
Simple (closed) pneumothorax
Diminished breath sounds are seen with what pulmonary injury?
Simple pneumothorax
Cardiovascular compromise is seen with which pneumothorax?
Tension
What occurs in an open pneumothorax?
Free passage of air between atmosphere and pleural space
In an open pneumothorax, air will be drawn through a ending wound is _____ diameter of the trachea or larger.
2/3
Frothy blood is seen with which pneumothorax?
Open pneumothorax
Why do tension pneumothorax occur?
The mechanism of injury forms a one-way valve
Each side of thorax may hold up to ______ of blood.
3,000 ml
Flat neck veins are seen with?
Hemothorax
Percussion of a Hemothorax presents as?
Dull
JVD is seen with which type of pneumothorax?
Tension
Mediastinum and tracheal shift is seen with which type of pneumothorax?
Tension pneumothorax
Which pneumothorax is fixed with decompression?
Tension pneumothorax
Faint or absent breath sounds are heard with which pneumothorax?
Tension
Where is pleural decompression performed?
2nd intercostal space in mid-clavicular line top of third rib
Heart rate in a tension pneumothorax ____.
Increases
A catheter for needle decompression should be how long?
2-3 inches
What gauge catheter is used for a needle decompression?
14GA
What is the pain associated with myocardial contusions?
A “thumped” type of pain
What should not be given to a myocardial contusion?
Nitro
Why shouldn’t nitro be given for a myocardial contusion?
Could increase bleed of contusion
Agitation, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and ashen appearance is seen with?
Pericardial tamponade
What is Becks Triad indicative of?
Pericardial tamponade
What is Becks triad?
JVD, distant heart tones, and hypotension
What is kussmauls sign?
The decrease or absence of JVD during inspiration
What is kussmauls sign indicative of?
Pericardial tamponade
What is pulsus Paradoxus?
A drop in systolic blood pressure of greater than 10 mmHg
Where do dissecting aneurysms most commonly occur?
Descending aorta
The patients with aortic ruptures will be severely ____.
Hypotensive
Aortic aneurysms are commonly seen with what type of impact?
Lateral
Shear tearing pain with radiation to back is commonly seen with?
Aortic aneurysm
In aortic aneurysms, pulse may be?
Different between left and right upper extremities or reduced in lower extremities
In aortic aneurysms, blood pressure may be?
Increased
With which injury will the abdomen appear hollow and bowel sounds be noted in one side of the thorax?
Diaphragmatic rupture
PEA is seen with which thoracic trauma?
Pericardial tamponade
Rupture or perforation of the diaphragm occur commonly on which side?
Left side
What does traumatic asphyxia cause?
Backwards flow of blood from right side of heart into superior vena cava and the upper extremities
JVD, blue/purple appearance, bulging eyes are seen with?
Traumatic asphyxia
