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TRAUMA > Blunt And Penetrating > Flashcards

Blunt And Penetrating Flashcards

1
Q

What is worse? Blunt or penetrating trauma?

A

Blunt

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of trauma death and disability?

A

Blunt trauma

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3
Q

Double weight = _______ energy

A

Quadruple

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4
Q

What occurs in blunt injury?

A

Tearing of muscle, vessels, and bone
Rupture of solid organs
Organ injury

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5
Q

What are the two types of impacts that happen the most?

A

Frontal and lateral

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6
Q

What type of fracture occurs in an up and over impact?

A

Bilateral femur

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7
Q

What injuries can be sustained from lateral impact?

A

Spleen fracture, ruptured diaphragm

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8
Q

Which wave in a blast creates structural collapse and blast wind?

A

Pressure wave

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9
Q

Which phase of a blast contains trauma caused by projectiles?

A

Secondary

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10
Q

What fall height meets the criteria for adult trauma?

A

Greater than 20 ft

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11
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Any condition in which a structure such as a nerve or tendon is being constricted in a space

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12
Q

What is a crush syndrome?

A

The result of prolonged continuous pressure on a large muscle - muscle disintegrates

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13
Q

What is the criteria protocol for a crush injury?

A

Compression of injuries of limbs/torso for one hour or more

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14
Q

What is the protocol for crush injuries if entrapment is less than 1 hour?

A

NS IV titrated to keep BP greater than 90

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15
Q

What is the protocol for a crush injury if entrapment is greater than 1 hour?

A

NS IV run at 1000 ml/hr

Add 59 MEQ sodium bicarbonate to even liters of IV fluids (2nd, 4th, etc)

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16
Q

What weapons are examples of low energy/low velocity?

A

Knives and arrows

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17
Q

What causes trajectory?

A

Velocity

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18
Q

The ______ the object, the straighter the trajectory.

A

Faster

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19
Q

____ is wind resistance.

A

Drag

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20
Q

What is cavitation?

A

Formation of a partial vacuum and cavity within a semi-fluid medium

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21
Q

What is a profile?

A

Size and shape of a projectile as it contacts a target

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22
Q

The larger the profile, the_____ the energy exchange.

A

Greater

23
Q

How can bullet length affect tumbling?

A

Longer bullet, increase of tumbling

24
Q

Powder burns indicate wound is a?

A

Entrance wound

25
Q

When should impaled objects be removed?

A

When in mouth or if object interferes with CPR

26
Q

What is the critical trauma criteria?

A

Persistent AMS or CGS less than 14
MVC (death of another occupant in vehicle, ejection, intrusion greater than 12 inches)
Fall greater than 20 ft
Fractures (two or more proximal long bones; flail chest; pelvic; skull)

27
Q

How can bullet length affect tumbling?

A

Longer bullet, increase of tumbling

28
Q

Powder burns indicate wound is a?

A

Entrance wound

29
Q

When should impaled objects be removed?

A

When in mouth or if object interferes with CPR

30
Q

What is the critical trauma criteria?

A

Persistent AMS or CGS less than 14
MVC (death of another occupant in vehicle, ejection, intrusion greater than 12 inches)
Fall greater than 20 ft
Fractures (two or more proximal long bones; flail chest; pelvic; skull)

31
Q

The force developed in a vehicle collision depends on?

A

The velocity of travel and the stopping distance

32
Q

What are air bags also known as?

A

Supplemental restraint systems

33
Q

Air bags are extremely effective in what type of collision?

A

Frontal

34
Q

What is an evisceration?

A

An organ protruding through the abdomen

35
Q

What are the mesentary vessels?

A

Vessels that provide blood for the intestines

36
Q

How should a completely amputated body part be cared for?

A

Wrap in a dry sterile dressing and place in a plastic bag

37
Q

How should a partial amputation be treated?

A

Immobilize with bulky dressings and splint

38
Q

In more rural areas, anticipate a greater percentage of ______ impacts with corresponding reductions in other categories.

A

Frontal

39
Q

Possible bilateral fractures, hollow organ rupture and liver laceration is seen with which type of impact pathway?

A

Up-and-over

40
Q

What is axial loading?

A

Application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine

41
Q

In which impact pathway is axial loading seen?

A

Up-and-over

42
Q

Lower limb dislocations, flail chest, myocardial contusions, and aortic tears are commonly seen with which type of impact pathway?

A

Down and under

43
Q

Which impact pathway is responsible for about 27 percent of vehicular fatalities?

A

Ejection

44
Q

Maintain a higher index of suspicion of serious injury when assessing ______ impact collisions because the degree of injury may be greater than the damage alone would indicate.

A

Lateral

45
Q

In a _____ impact, an occupants stopping distance is much greater, deceleration is more gradual, and injuries are generally less serious.

A

Rotational

46
Q

What does intrusion from an impact indicate?

A

The presence of forces greater than those that could be absorbed by the crumple zone

47
Q

What is an oxidizer?

A

An agent that enhances combustion of a fuel

48
Q

The lethal range for a pen explosive charge increases _____ with an underwater explosion.

A

Threefold

49
Q

What are ordnance?

A

Military weapons and munitions

50
Q

Why are the effects of explosive devices usually limited?

A

The pressure wave and debris radiate outward in all directions from a central point

51
Q

What type of blasts are considered the most lethal?

A

Blast causing structural collapse followed by those involving confined spaces

52
Q

What should be determined during the scene size up of a blast?

A

The location of the epicenter

53
Q

What is the most common trauma with explosions?

A

Lung injury

TRAUMA (11 decks)

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