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Clinical Science > Thoracic Trauma > Flashcards

Thoracic Trauma Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pleural Membranes

A

Parietal - attached to thoracic wall

Visceral - attached to lungs

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2
Q

Pleural space

A

Negative intrapleural pressure

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3
Q

Rib fractures signs and symptoms

A

pain that increases with coughing and ventilation

diagnosis based on clinical findings

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4
Q

Management of rib fractures

A

analgesia and anatomical splinting for comfort

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5
Q

Flail Chest

A

3 or more ribs broken in 2 or more places
Signified by paradoxical movement
Associated with ventilatory insufficiency

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6
Q

Treatment of Flail Chest

A

Maintain oxygenation and venilation, issues with ventilation, analgesia

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7
Q

Sternal Fracture

A

Concerned with assoc injuries especially myocardial and other mediastinal injuries

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8
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Sternal Fracture

A

history of significant anterior chest trauma, tenderness, abnormal motion of sternal and crepitus

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9
Q

Treatment of Sternal Fracture

A

Analgesia, ECG, associated injuries

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10
Q

Diaphragmatic Injuries signs and symptoms

A

resp compromise, reduced venous return and CO, abdo pain, abdo may appear hollow, bowel sounds in chest

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11
Q

Treatment of diaphragmatic injuries

A

high concentration oxygen, nasogastric tube

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12
Q

Simple or closed pneumothorax

A

presence of air or gas in the pleural space caused by ruptured visceral or parietal pleura
destroys negative pressure of pleural space

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of simple pneumothorax

A

chest pain, dyspneoa, tachypnoea

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14
Q

Treatment of simple pneumothorax

A

high flow oxygen, if small then watch and wait, if large use catheter to decompress

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15
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

immediate life threat
disrupts negative pressure required for ventilation
air is sucked in and out of hole rather than lungs

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16
Q

Treatment for open pneumothorax

A

3 sided dressing

17
Q

Signs and symptoms of Open Pneumothorax

A

obvious penetration, usually blood loss from wound, sucking sound, reduced air entry

18
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

common in young, tall, thin males

congenital weakness

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

sudden sharp onset of localised chest pain
resp distress
may or may or have reduced air entry

20
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

ongoing escape of air into pleural space through 1 way flap
air enters during inspiration, but cannot escape
pushes mediastinum in opposite direction
intrathoracic pressure increases therefore exceeds pressure of venous return resulting in reduced CO and poor perfusion

21
Q

Signs and symptoms of tension

A

reduced ipsilateral breath sounds, increased insp pressures, tracheal shift to opposite side, distension of neck veins, surgical emphysema

22
Q

Late signs of tension

A

tachycardia, tachypnoea, hypoxic, hypotensive, low Spo2, ACS

23
Q

Haemothorax

A

accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity usually resulting from a laceration of the lung or intercostal vessel
more than 300ml is life threatening

24
Q

signs and symptoms of haemothorax

A 
result of blunt or penetrating trauma
significant hypotension and tachycardia
absence of breath sounds
restlesness and anxiety
resp distress
excessive blood if tested for TnPT
flat neck veins
no tracheal deviation
25
Q

Haemopneumothorax

A

accumulation of blood and air in pleural space

bubbles and blood in syringe

26
Q

Pulmonary contusion

A

blood is leaking into alveoli and pulmonary interstitium

degree of resp effect is directly related to size of affected area

27
Q

signs and symptoms of pulmonary contusion

A

tachypnoea, crackles and wheezes, hypoxia, ineffective cough, haemoptysis, chest wall abrasions

28
Q

management of pulmonary contusion

A

good oxygenation with low pressure ventilation

29
Q

Myocardial Contusion

A

can be bruised on surface of heart, full thickness injury, tear of myocardium

30
Q

Signs and symptoms of Myocardial Contusion

A

chest pain similar to infarction, ECG abnormalities, tachycardia, palpitations

31
Q

Treatment of Myocardial Contusion

A

Oxygen, pharmacology for arrhythmias, treatment of hypotension, minimise oxygen demand

32
Q

Pericardial Tamponade

A

laceration of the walls of the chamber of the heart whilst having the pericardial sac remain intact
increased pressure prevents heart expanding and refilling which leads to reduced CO, SV and myocardial perfusion

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of pericardial tamponade

A

peripheral vasoconstriction
reduced pulse pressure
tachycardia
cardiac arrest

34
Q

Beck Triad

A

elevated central venous pressure
muffled heart sounds
hypotension

35
Q

Thoracic Aorta Transection

A

transection results from high deceleration forces both lateral and frontal resulting in shearing forces

36
Q

Signs and symptoms of THoracic Aorta Transection

A

unequal BPs, weak lower body pulses, elevated upper body BPs

37
Q

Treatment of Thoracic Aorta Transection

A

high concentration oxygen, spinal precautions, rapid transport for surgical repair

Clinical Science (13 decks)

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