Thoracic spine part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Abnormal curves of the spine
A
- Kyphosis
- Scoliosis
- Lumbar lordosis
2
Q
Kyphosis
A
abnormal increase in the anterior concavity of the thoracic curve is termed kyphosis
2
Q
what other name is given to normal kyphosis
A
Cobb angle
2
Q
Causes of kyphosis
A
- Degeneration of intervertebral discs
- rickets
- poor posture
2
Q
Scoliosis
A
Lateral bending of the spine usually in the thoracic spine
3
Q
Causes of scoliosis
A
- Congenital malformed vertebrae
- Chronic sciatica ( pain in the lower back and lower limb)
- Paralysis of muscles on one side of the vertebral column
- One leg being shorter than the other
3
Q
Radiographic imaging in scoliosis ( basic projections)
A
- PA projection( Ferguson method)
3
Q
Ferguson method
A
PA projection of the spine with scoliosis
4
Q
What are 2 images produced
A
- PA without patients hip or foot elevated on the convex side.
- PA with patients hip or foot elevated on the convex side
4
Q
Why is PA projection preferred instead of AP
A
- to reduce radiation exposure to the selected radiosensitive organs
5
Q
Position of patient in Ferguson method
A
- Place the patient in a seated or standing position in front of a vertical grid.
- Adjust the the height of the IR with the lower border to include about 1.5 cm below the iliac crest.
- The upper border of the IR should be at the level of the spinous process of C7
- If the patient is standing, shoes should be removed and the feet
placed slightly apart in the anatomical position. - Adjust the patient to check the spinal curvature.PA projection
- Center the midsagittal plane of the patient’s body to the midline
of the grid. - Allow the patient’s arms to hang relaxed at the sides. If the
patient is seated, flex the elbows and rest the hands on the lap. - Do not support the patient or use a compression band.
- Shield the gonads
