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Basic Procedures Class > Thoracic Spine And Scoliosis > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine And Scoliosis Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic Spine Anatomy

A

-12 thoracic vertebrae
-Bodies increase in size from T1- T12
-T3-T9 are wedge shaped to allow for natural kyphotic curvature
-Spinous processes project sharply inferiorly
-Zygopophyseal joints angled at 70 degrees to MSP
-Intervertebral foramina are perpendicular to MSP

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2
Q

Thoracic Spine Anatomy Continued

A
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3
Q

The thoracic spine has a natural _________ curvature

A

Kyphotic (concaves anteriorly)

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4
Q

The thoracic vertebrae lie in the _________ half of the thorax in relation to the MCP

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Intervertebral joints are __________ __________ joints

A

cartilaginous symphysis

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6
Q

Zygapophyseal joints are _________ __________ joints

A

synovial gliding

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7
Q

Movements of the vertebral column include:

A

-Flexion
-Extension
-Lateral flexion
-Rotation

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8
Q

Zygapophyseal joints are formed by the _________ and_________ articular processes.

A

superior, inferior

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9
Q

Zygapophyseal joints at ___ angle to MSP

A

70 degree

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10
Q

The 12 thoracic vertebrae have ___ corresponding pairs of ribs.

A

12

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11
Q

The articulation of the rib and vertebral body is ____________ and they are __________ ________ joints

A

costovertebral, synovial gliding joints

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12
Q

Vertebra have ______ ________ for articulation with the head of the ribs

A

costal facets

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13
Q

T1 has a whole facet on the _________ border and a demi-facet on the _________ border

A

Superior, Inferior

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14
Q

T2-T8 have _____________ superiorly and inferiorly

A

demi-facets

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15
Q

T9 has only one _________ demi-facet

A

Superior

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16
Q

T10-T12 have single whole _________ at the superior margins

A

Facets

17
Q

Vertebral bodies and transverse processes have costal facets for articulation with the ____

A

Ribs

18
Q

T1-T10 have articulating facets on each _________ __________

A

transverse process

19
Q

T1-T10 Articulate with the tubercles of the ribs forming the _____________ joints

A

COSTOTRANSVERSE

20
Q

COSTOTRANSVERSE joints are what kind of joints

A

Synovial gliding joints

21
Q

The rays towards the cathode side of the tube are more

A

Intense

22
Q

anode heel effect

A

-a variation in intensity of the x-ray beam from the anode to the cathode end

-The thorax is thinner at the superior than the inferior end, which means we use the anode heel effect to attain uniform density on the image

23
Q

AP Throacic Spine Positioning

A

-14 X 17 Cassette LW in bucky
-SID: 40 inches
-Patient supine or upright
-If patient supine, rest their head on the table and flex their knees
-Superior border of IR should be 1 ½” to 2 inches above shoulders
-CR perpendicular to the MSP at T7
-Collimate closely to the spine
-Shield gonads
-Respiration may be shallow breathing OR full expiration

24
Q

AP THORACIC SPINE EVALUATION CRITERIA

A

-All 12 thoracic vertebrae
-Thoracic bodies, intervertebral disc spaces, transverse processes, costovertebral articulations
-Vertebral column in the middle of the image
-No tilt or rotation:
-Spinous processes in the midline of the vertebral bodies

25
Q

Lateral Thoracic Spine Positioning

A

-14 x 17 Cassette LW in bucky
-40” SID (May use 48”)
-Patient in lateral recumbent or upright in lateral , preferably left side down
-Long axis of vertebral column horizontal or in true lateral if upright
-Flex hips and knees and arms at right angles if recumbent
-Superior border of IR 1 1/2 to 2 inches above shoulder
-CR perpendicular to T7 just posterior to the MCP
-Lead strip placed behind the patient to reduce scatter
-Collimate
-Respiration may be shallow breathing OR full expiration

26
Q

Lateral Thoracic Spine Evaluation Criteria

A

-Lateral projection of thoracic bodies, disk spaces, intervertebral foramina, and lower spinous processes and clearly seen through the rib and lung shadows
-12 Thoracis vertebrae centered on IR (upper T spine not well visualized due to shoulder)
-Superimposition of the shoulders on upper vertebrae (T1-T3)
-No Rotation:
-Ribs Superimposed posteriorly
-Open intervertebral disk spaces

27
Q

PA Oblique Thoracic Spine Positioning

A

-14 X 17 Cassette LW in the bucky
-SID: 40-48 inches
-Patient standing in a lateral position
-Rotate patient 20 degrees (anteriorly) so that the coronal plane form an angle of 70 degrees to the IR
-Rest adjacent shoulder on the IR
-Superior border of IR should be 1 1/2 to 2 inches above shoulder
-Shoulders in same horizontal plane
-Collimate to spine
-Shield gonads
-Suspend respiration at full expiration

28
Q

AP Oblique Upright, AP Recumbent Oblique, and PA Recumbent Oblique

A

AP Oblique Upright
-Patient in a lateral position
-Rotate patient 20 degrees (posteriorly) so that the coronal plane form an angle of -70 degrees to the IR
-All else the same (meaning the same as PA Oblique View)

AP Recumbent Oblique
-Patient in a lateral recumbent position
-Rotate patient 20 degrees (posteriorly) so that the coronal plane form an angle of 70 degrees to the IR
-Place lower arm at right angle to the body
-Rest the patients head
-All else the same

PA Recumbent Oblique
-Patient in a lateral recumbent position
-Rotate patient 20 degrees (anteriorly) so that the coronal plane form an angle of 70 degrees to the IR
-Position down arm behind the body & use upper arm to support the patient
-All else the same

29
Q

OBLIQUES THORACIC SPINE EVALUATION CRITERIA

A

-Thoracic zygapophyseal joints are best visualized in this position
-For AP obliques, the side farthest from the IR is seen
-For PA obliques, the side closest to the IR is seen

30
Q

SWIMMER’S METHOD Thoracic Spine Positioning

A

-SID: 30 inches in book (40 inches in lab)
-10 X 12 Cassette LW in the bucky
-Patient in left lateral recumbent position for the PAWLOW method
-Patient in left lateral upright position for the TWINING method
-Extend the arm closest to the IR over the head and move humeral head slightly anteriorly or posteriorly
-MCP centered, MSP parallel to the IR
-Position other arm down the patient’s side, depress shoulder a much as possible, and move humeral head in opposite direction (anterior/posterior) as other arm
-CR ⟂or angled 3 to 5 degrees caudal to the level of the C7-T1 disk space (use angle
for lab)
-Center to 2 inches above jugular notch
-Respiration: Suspend or use a breathing technique

31
Q

SWIMMER’S METHOD Thoracic Spine Evaluation Criteria

A

-Lateral projection of the cervicothoracic vertebrae between the shoulders
-Adequate x-ray penetration through the shoulder region demonstrating the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebra, not rotated from lateral position
-Humeral heads minimally superimposed

32
Q

KYPHOSIS

A

-Most common in older women
-Bones may become weak due to calcium and density loss(osteoporosis)
-Osteoporosis may cause compression fractures of the thoracic spine

33
Q

SCOLIOSIS

A

-Lateral deviation of the spine, with possible vertebral rotation
-Often develops during the pre-teen or teen years, more often in females
-Its unknown etiology is referred to by the term “idiopathic” scoliosis

34
Q

SCOLIOSIS SERIES FRANKET METHOD Positioning

A

-Position: Upright
-PA:
-Center MSP, arms down by side
-ASIS equidistant from IR
-Lateral:
-MSP is parallel, MCP is ⟂ to IR
-Arms extended
-CR: ⟂ to center of IR
-Collimation: to anatomy
-Shield gonads and breasts, use ruler if needed
-Respiration: Suspend

35
Q

SCOLIOSIS SERIES: EOS IMAGING SYSTEM

A

-Biplane body scan in less than 20 seconds produces AP and Lateral images (+3D model)
-Low dose technology (micro dose)
-Available at pediatric hospitals and spine centers

36
Q

The Zygapophyseal joints of the the T spine lie at a ___ degree angle to the MSP

A

70

Basic Procedures Class (11 decks)

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