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Basic Procedures Class > Knee and Patella > Flashcards

Knee and Patella Flashcards

1
Q

When the femur is vertical, the medial condyle is ______ than the lateral condyle.

A

Lower

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2
Q

About a __ to __ degree difference exists between the two condyles.

A

5 to 7

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3
Q

Adductor tubercle is located

A

above the medial epicondyle

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4
Q

Patella Structures

A

Superior edge is called the base.

Pointed inferior surface is the apex.

Posterior surface has 2 articular facets

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5
Q

When the leg is straightened the patella can move slightly over the…

A

Patellar surface

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6
Q

When the knee is flexed the patella is locked in front of the _____ _______ by the ________ ________

A

Knee joint; quadriceps tendon

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7
Q

Knee Articulations(joints)

A

Femorotibial Joint
•Synovial Hinge

Patellofemoral Joint
•Synovial Gliding

Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
•Synovial Gliding

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8
Q

Stabilizing structures of the knee

A

Collateral Ligaments
•Medial
•Lateral

Cruciate Ligaments
•Anterior (ACL)
•Posterior (PCL)

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9
Q

Lateral and Medial menisci provide…

A

stability and shock absorption

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10
Q

Knee IR size and SID

A

IR: 10x12 LW
SID: 40 inches

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11
Q

Knee AP: IR, Position, CR, Collimation

A

IR: 10x12 LW

Position: Supine
•Femoral condyles parallel to IR

CR:
•Entering 1/2” inferior to patellar apex
Angle variable (ASIS to TT)
-If <19 cm: 3-5º caudal
-If 19-24 cm: perpendicular
-If >24 cm: 3-5º cephalic

Collimation: 1” on sides

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12
Q

Knee AP Evaluation Criteria

A

-Knee fully extended
-Entire knee without rotation
•Femoral condyles symmetric and tibia intercondylar eminence centered
•Slight superimposition of the fibular head if the tibia is normal
•Patella completely superimposed on the femur
-Open femorotibial joint space, interspaces of equal width on both sides if the knee is normal

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13
Q

Knee AP Oblique Medial Rotation IR, Position, CR, Collimation

A

IR: 10x12 LW

Position: Medial rotation
•Rotate affected side 45º

CR:
•Entering 1/2” inferior to patellar apex
•Angle variable (ASIS to TT)
-If <19 cm: 3-5º caudal
-If 19-24 cm: perpendicular
-If >24 cm: 3-5º cephalic

Collimation: 1” on sides

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14
Q

Knee AP Oblique Medial Rotation Evaluation Criteria

A

-Tibia/Fibula separated
-Lateral condyles of femur and tibia
-Both tibial plateaus
-Patella projecting beyond medial side of femoral condyle
-Open knee joint

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15
Q

Knee AP Oblique Lateral Rotation IR, Position, CR, Collimation

A

IR: 10x12 LW

Position: Lateral rotation
•Rotate affected side 45º

CR:
•Entering 1/2” inferior to patellar apex
•Angle variable (ASIS to TT)
-If <19 cm: 3-5º caudal
-If 19-24 cm: perpendicular
-If >24 cm: 3-5º cephalic

Collimation: 1” on sides

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16
Q

Knee AP Oblique Lateral Rotation Evaluation Criteria

A

-Medial femoral and tibial condyles
-Both tibial plateaus
-Fibula superimposed over the lateral half of the tibia
-Patella projecting beyond lateral side of femoral condyle
-Open knee joint

17
Q

Knee Lateral IR, Position, CR, Collimation

A

IR: 10x12 LW

Position: Mediolateral
•Turn on affected side
•Knee flexed 20-30º
•Epicondyles and patella ⟂ to IR

CR:
•Entering 1” distal to medial epicondyle
•Angle: 5-7º cephalic

Collimation: 1” anterior to patella

18
Q

For Knee Lateral why is CR entering 1” distal to medial epicondyle?

A

Prevents joint space from being obscured by magnified medial condyle

19
Q

Knee Lateral Evaluation Criteria

A

-Knee flexed 20 to 30º in true lateral
-Femoral condyles superimposed
-Fibular head and tibia slightly superimposed
-Patella in a lateral profile
-Open patellofemoral joint
-Open joint space between femoral condyles and tibia

20
Q

If the anterior surface of medial condyle is closer to the patella there is…

A

Over-rotation toward the IR

21
Q

If the anterior surface of medial condyle is farther from the patella there is…

A

Under-rotation away from the IR

22
Q

Patella Tangential (Settegast method) Cr and Collimation

A

CR: depends on degree of flexion (Typically 15 to 20 degrees Perpendicular to the joint space between the patella and femur)
Collimation: 4x4

23
Q

What if patient can’t bend knee that much for the tangential(settegast) view?

A

Do the Hughston method

24
Q

Patella Tangential (Merchant Method) IR, Position, CR

A

-IR: 14x17 CW
-SID: 72”
-Position:
•Supine with both knees flexed off table
•Elevate knees 2” to place femurs parallel with table
•Knees flexed 40º
•IR placed 1 foot distal to patella
-CR: perpendicular to IR at 30º caudal angle midway between patellae at patellofemoral joint

25
Q

Patella Tangential Hughston Method

A

Position:
*Prone
*Flex knee 50-60º from table
*Rest foot against collimator
CR:
*45º cephalic through patellofemoral joint

26
Q

What if patient can’t lie prone for the Hughston method?

A

Do the Merchant method

27
Q

Patella Tangential Evaluation Criteria

A

-Patella in profile
-Femoral condyles and intercondylar sulcus
-Open patellofemoral articulation

28
Q

Knee AP Weight Bearing IR, Position, CR, Collimation

A

-IR: 14x17 CW | Wall Bucky
-Position:
•Upright, Center knees to IR
•Toes straight ahead, feet apart
•Weight equally distributed
-CR:
•Entering 1/2” below apices of patellae
•Horizontal and Perpendicular
-Collimation: 14x17

29
Q

Knee AP Weight Bearing Evaluation Criteria

A

-Both knees without rotation
-Knee joint spaces centered to the exposure area

30
Q

What does Knee AP Weight Bearing show/demonstrate?

A

Narrowing of joint space; Arthritic knees

31
Q

Which femoral condyle is larger

A

Medial is larger than lateral

32
Q

What is the Patellar surface?

A

Shallow triangular depression

33
Q

Tangential view is for the…

A

Patella

34
Q

The Patella tangential(setegast) demonstrates…

A

Fracture, Bipartite patella, Dislocation

Basic Procedures Class (11 decks)

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