Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Abdomen Anatomy

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity
1. Abdominal Cavity
2. Pelvic Cavity

Double-walled Membrane
-Parietal Peritoneum
-Visceral Peritoneum

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2
Q

Intraperitoneal includes the

A

• Stomach
• Spleen
• Most of small Intestine
• Cecum
• Transverse Colon
• Sigmoid Colon

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal includes the

A

• Duodenum
• Ascending Colon
• Descending Colon
• Pancreas
• Kidneys

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4
Q

Mesentary & Omentum

A

Peritoneal folds that support the organs in their position

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5
Q

Four Quadrants of the abdomen

A

RUQ(Right upper quadrant)
• Liver, GB, Hepatic Flexure

LUQ(Left upper quadrant)
• Stomach, Spleen, Splenic Flexure

RLQ(Right lower quadrant)
• Cecum and Appendix

LLQ(Left lower quadrant)
• Sigmoid Colon

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6
Q

Contrast media is used to…

A

Demonstrate digestive system

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7
Q

Structures seen without Contrast Media

A

• Stomach
• Intestinal Gas
• Kidneys
• Liver
• Psoas Muscles
• Bony Structures

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8
Q

Small Intestine

A

Centrally located
• Duodenum
• Jejenum
• Ileum

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9
Q

Large Intestine

A

Peripherally located
• Ascending Colon
• Transverse Colon
• Descending Colon
• Sigmoid Colon
• Rectum

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10
Q

Urinary System

A

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder

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11
Q

Kidneys and their movement

A

Kidneys
• T12-L3
• Retroperitoneal

Movement:
• 1” with breathing
• 2” when moving from supine to erect position

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12
Q

Skeletal Structures

A

• Vertebral Column
• Pelvis
•Pubic Symphysis
• Femoral Heads

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13
Q

Musculature(muscles)

A

•Psoas Muscles

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14
Q

Typical Views of Abdomen

A

• AP Supine ((KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder))
• AP Upright
• Left Lateral Decubitus

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15
Q

3 View Abdomen/Acute Abdomen Series include

A

• AP Supine
• AP Upright
• CXR (Chest X Ray)

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16
Q

Imaging Considerations

A

Body Habitus
• 14 X 17 IR LW

Obese patients may require multiple images to demonstrate anatomy
• 14 X 17 IR CW x2

17
Q

AP Abdomen (KUB) SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
IR: 14x17 LW
-Position:
• Patient supine
• Center MSP
• Support legs and ensure arms are not in the light field
• Arms away from light field
-Respiration: Suspend on Expiration
-CR: Perpendicular to MSP at the level of the iliac crests

18
Q

AP Abdomen KUB Evaluation Criteria

A

-Area from pubic symphysis to upper abdomen
-Proper patient alignment
• Centered vertebral column
• Ribs, pelvis, and hips equidistant to edge
-No rotation of the patient:
• Spinous processes in the center of the lumbar vertebrae
• Ischial spines of the pelvis symmetric
• Alae or wings of ilia symmetric

-Exposure factors showing the following:
• Lateral abdominal wall and pro peritoneal fat layer
• Psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, and kidneys
• Inferior ribs
• Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

19
Q

Pneumoperitoneum is

A

the presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. The most common cause of a pneumoperitoneum is a perforation/ disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus.

20
Q

A bowel obstruction is

A

a condition where digested material is prevented from passing normally through the bowel

21
Q

Air Fluid Levels

A

When obstruction occurs both fluid and gas collect in the intestine. Air rises above the fluid and there is a flat surface at the air-fluid interface.

22
Q

AP Upright Abdomen SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
-IR: 14x17 LW
-Positioning:
• Patient upright
• Weight even on both feet
• Center MSP
-Respiration: Suspend on Expiration
-CR: Perpendicular to MSP and 2” above the iliac crests

23
Q

AP Upright Abdomen Evaluation Criteria

A

• Diaphragm in its entirety
• Symphysis may not be shown
• Vertebral column centered
• No Rotation
• Ilia symmetric
• Spinous processes centered

24
Q

Left Lateral Decubitus is performed when

A

patients can’t tolerate the upright position

25
During the Left Lateral Decubitus the gastric bubble should…
be down so that it does not mimic free air in the peritoneal cavity
26
Left lateral Decubitus SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR
-SID: 40” -IR:14x17:LW -Positioning: • Patient lies on Left side • Elevate patient off the table with a pad/sponge • Arms out of the light field • Flex knees slightly • Patient lies in this position for 5 minutes before the exposure is made -Respiration: Suspend after expiration -CR: Horizontal and perpendicular to the MSP to 2 inches above the iliac crests
27
Left lateral Decubitus Evaluation Criteria
• Diaphragm in its entirety • Abdominal wall, flank structures • No rotation • Spinous processes centered • Ilia symmetric
28
Right or Left Dorsal Decubitus SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR
-SID: 40” -IR:14x17:LW -Positioning: • Patient supine with side against Grid device • Arms out of the light field -Respiration: suspend after expiration -CR: Horizontal and perpendicular to the MCP 2 inches above the iliac crests
29
Right or Left Dorsal Decubitus Evaluation Criteria
• Lateral projection of the abdomen • No Rotation • Superimposed Ilia • Superimposed lumbar vertebrae • Open intervertebral foramina • Diaphragm included
30
Ascites
Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity
31
Ileus
Inability of the intestine (bowel) to contract normally and move waste out of the body
32
Pneumoperitoneum
the presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity
33
Scout(Survey)
A preliminary image of the abdomen that is often taken with the patient lying supine for an AP projection