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Basic Procedures Class > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Abdomen Anatomy

A

Abdominopelvic Cavity
1. Abdominal Cavity
2. Pelvic Cavity

Double-walled Membrane
-Parietal Peritoneum
-Visceral Peritoneum

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2
Q

Intraperitoneal includes the

A

• Stomach
• Spleen
• Most of small Intestine
• Cecum
• Transverse Colon
• Sigmoid Colon

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3
Q

Retroperitoneal includes the

A

• Duodenum
• Ascending Colon
• Descending Colon
• Pancreas
• Kidneys

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4
Q

Mesentary & Omentum

A

Peritoneal folds that support the organs in their position

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5
Q

Four Quadrants of the abdomen

A

RUQ(Right upper quadrant)
• Liver, GB, Hepatic Flexure

LUQ(Left upper quadrant)
• Stomach, Spleen, Splenic Flexure

RLQ(Right lower quadrant)
• Cecum and Appendix

LLQ(Left lower quadrant)
• Sigmoid Colon

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6
Q

Contrast media is used to…

A

Demonstrate digestive system

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7
Q

Structures seen without Contrast Media

A

• Stomach
• Intestinal Gas
• Kidneys
• Liver
• Psoas Muscles
• Bony Structures

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8
Q

Small Intestine

A

Centrally located
• Duodenum
• Jejenum
• Ileum

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9
Q

Large Intestine

A

Peripherally located
• Ascending Colon
• Transverse Colon
• Descending Colon
• Sigmoid Colon
• Rectum

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10
Q

Urinary System

A

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder

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11
Q

Kidneys and their movement

A

Kidneys
• T12-L3
• Retroperitoneal

Movement:
• 1” with breathing
• 2” when moving from supine to erect position

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12
Q

Skeletal Structures

A

• Vertebral Column
• Pelvis
•Pubic Symphysis
• Femoral Heads

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13
Q

Musculature(muscles)

A

•Psoas Muscles

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14
Q

Typical Views of Abdomen

A

• AP Supine ((KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder))
• AP Upright
• Left Lateral Decubitus

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15
Q

3 View Abdomen/Acute Abdomen Series include

A

• AP Supine
• AP Upright
• CXR (Chest X Ray)

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16
Q

Imaging Considerations

A

Body Habitus
• 14 X 17 IR LW

Obese patients may require multiple images to demonstrate anatomy
• 14 X 17 IR CW x2

17
Q

Are abdomen views shielded?

A

Usually No (but could shield Upright Abdomen view if possible)

18
Q

AP Abdomen (KUB) SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
IR: 14x17 LW
-Position:
• Patient supine
• Center MSP
• Support legs and ensure arms are not in the light field
• Arms away from light field
-Respiration: Suspend on Expiration
-CR: Perpendicular to MSP at the level of the iliac crests

19
Q

AP Abdomen KUB Evaluation Criteria

A

-Area from pubic symphysis to upper abdomen
-Proper patient alignment
• Centered vertebral column
• Ribs, pelvis, and hips equidistant to edge
-No rotation of the patient:
• Spinous processes in the center of the lumbar vertebrae
• Ischial spines of the pelvis symmetric
• Alae or wings of ilia symmetric

-Exposure factors showing the following:
• Lateral abdominal wall and pro peritoneal fat layer
• Psoas muscles, lower border of the liver, and kidneys
• Inferior ribs
• Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

20
Q

Pneumoperitoneum is

A

the presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. The most common cause of a pneumoperitoneum is a perforation/ disruption of the wall of a hollow viscus.

21
Q

Air in large intestines looks like

A

Puffy clouds

22
Q

A bowel obstruction is

A

a condition where digested material is prevented from passing normally through the bowel

23
Q

Air Fluid Levels

A

When obstruction occurs both fluid and gas collect in the intestine. Air rises above the fluid and there is a flat surface at the air-fluid interface.

24
Q

AP Upright Abdomen SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
-IR: 14x17 LW
-Positioning:
• Patient upright
• Weight even on both feet
• Center MSP
-Respiration: Suspend on Expiration
-CR: Perpendicular to MSP and 2” above the iliac crests

25
Q

AP Upright Abdomen Evaluation Criteria

A

• Diaphragm in its entirety
• Symphysis may not be shown
• Vertebral column centered
• No Rotation
• Ilia symmetric
• Spinous processes centered

26
Q

Left Lateral Decubitus is performed when

A

patients can’t tolerate the upright position

27
Q

During the Left Lateral Decubitus the gastric bubble should…

A

be down so that it does not mimic free air in the peritoneal cavity

28
Q

Left lateral Decubitus SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
-IR:14x17:LW
-Positioning:
• Patient lies on Left side
• Elevate patient off the table with a pad/sponge
• Arms out of the light field
• Flex knees slightly
• Patient lies in this position for 5 minutes before the exposure is made
-Respiration: Suspend after expiration
-CR: Horizontal and perpendicular to the MSP to 2 inches above the iliac crests

29
Q

Left lateral Decubitus Evaluation Criteria

A

• Diaphragm in its entirety
• Abdominal wall, flank structures
• No rotation
• Spinous processes centered
• Ilia symmetric

30
Q

Right or Left Dorsal Decubitus SID, IR, Positioning, Respiration, CR

A

-SID: 40”
-IR:14x17:LW
-Positioning:
• Patient supine with side against Grid device
• Arms out of the light field
-Respiration: suspend after expiration
-CR: Horizontal and perpendicular to the MCP 2 inches above the iliac crests

31
Q

Right or Left Dorsal Decubitus Evaluation Criteria

A

• Lateral projection of the abdomen
• No Rotation
• Superimposed Ilia
• Superimposed lumbar vertebrae
• Open intervertebral foramina
• Diaphragm included

32
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity

33
Q

Ileus

A

Inability of the intestine (bowel) to contract normally and move waste out of the body

34
Q

Pneumoperitoneum

A

the presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity

35
Q

Scout(Survey)

A

A preliminary image of the abdomen that is often taken with the patient lying supine for an AP projection

Basic Procedures Class (11 decks)

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