Sternum and SC Joints Flashcards
Sternum structure, function, and components
Structure
• Flat and narrow
• 6 inches long
• Vertical and centered anteriorly
Function
• Support clavicles
• Provide attachment for costal
cartilage of 1st 7 pairs of ribs
Components
• Manubrium
• Body
• Xiphoid process
Manubrium
-Latin for handle
-Jugular (suprasternal) notch
• Level T2-T3 Clavicular notches
• Sternoclavicular or SC joints
-First costal notch
-Second costal notch
Sternal angle
• AKA manubriosternal notch
• Between manubrium and body
• T4-T5
Sternal Body
AKA Gladiolus
Costal notches
• 2nd: demi facet • 3rd-7th
Xiphoid Process
-AKA ensiform process
-Level: T10
-Landmark for superior border of the liver and inferior border of the heart
Sternum Localization
-While patient is AP Center CR and IR
-Place top of the IR 1.5” above jugular notch
Why do we do RAO Sternum
Uses the heart shadow as contrast (provides greater visualization)
Patient positioning for RAO Sternum
-Place one hand on right SC joint and the other hand on spinous processes Rotate patient until left hand is more to the right
-Shallow chests require more obliquity; Deep chest require less obliquity
Sternum: PA Oblique RAO SID, IR, CR, Collimation, Respiration
-SID: 30” to blur posterior ribs (reality: 40”)
-IR: 10”x12” LW
• Top of IR 1.5” above jugular notch
-Position: RAO
• Rotate patient 15-20 degree
-CR: Perpendicular to center of IR; enters
elevated side 1” lateral to MSP at level of T7
-Collimation: 5”x12”
-Respiration:
• Breathing technique: slow shallow breaths
• Short exposure: suspend at end of
expiration
STERNUM PA OBLIQUE RAO EVALUATION CRITERIA
-Entire sternum
-Sternum projected over the heart, free of superimposition from the thoracic spine
-Minimally rotated sternum
• Sternum projected free of vertebral column
• Minimally oblique vertebrae
• Lateral portion of manubrium and SC joint
free of superimposition
-Blurred pulmonary markings if breathing technique used
-Exposure technique sufficient to demonstrate the sternum through thorax
STERNUM: Lateral SID, IR, Position, CR, Collimation, Respiration
-SID: 72” (reduce magnification of sternum)
-IR: 10”x12” LW
• Top of IR 1.5” above jugular notch
-Position: Lateral
• Surface of sternum is perp. to IR
• Hands behind back
• Rotate shoulders posteriorly
-CR: Perpendicular to center of IR; enters lateral border of the mid sternum
-Collimation: to sternum
-Respiration: Suspend at deep inspiration
STERNUM LATERAL EVALUATION CRITERIA
-Entire sternum
-Manubrium free of superimposition by soft tissues of shoulders
-Sternum free of superimposition of ribs
SC JOINTS: PA SID, IR, Position, CR, Collimation, Respiration
-SID: 40”
-IR: 10”x12” LW
-Position: Prone or upright , MSP centered
-CR: Perpendicular to center of IR; entering T3 (3” below vertebral prominens)
-Collimation: 6”x 8”
-Respiration: Suspend at end of expiration
SC JOINTS PA EVALUATION CRITERIA
-Both SC joints and medial ends of clavicles
-No rotation present on bilateral exam
-Exposure sufficient to demonstrate SC joints through the superimposing verbal and rib shadows
SC JOINTS PA OBLIQUES SID, IR, Position, CR, Collimation, Respiration
-SID: 40”
-IR: 10”x12” LW
-Position: RAO and LAO
• Rotate patient 10-15 degree
• Have patient turn head
• Joint closest to IR should be centered
-CR: Perpendicular to SC joint closest to IR; entering T3 (3” below vertebral prominens) and 1”-2” lateral from MSP
-Collimation: 6”x 8”
-Respiration: Suspend at end of expiration
CR enters elevated side but side closest to IR is demonstrated
