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Kinesiology > Thoracic, Rib Cage, Lumbar and Pelvis > Flashcards

Thoracic, Rib Cage, Lumbar and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what makes ribs T1, T10-12 atypical?

A
  1. T1 spinous process is long and prominent
  2. T12 → thoracic-like superior facet, inferior facets are more lumbar-like
  3. have full costal facets rather than demifacets
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2
Q

what is the significance of thoracic vertebral pedicles having a different orientation?

A

they face posteriorly not laterally

results in narrowing of vertebrae canal

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3
Q

what are the available osteokinematic motions at the thoracic spine?

A
  1. flexion/extension
  2. lateral flexion
  3. rotation
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4
Q

what limits flexion in the thoracic spine?

A

tension in several ligaments including:

  1. posterior longitudinal ligament
  2. ligamentum flavum
  3. interspinous ligaments
  4. joint capsule of facets
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5
Q

what limits extension in the thoracic spine?

A

contact of spinous processes, laminae, facet joints and tension from anterior longitduinal ligament, facet joint capsules and abdominal muscles

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6
Q

what limits lateral flexion in the thoracic spine?

A

facets and ribs

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7
Q

what limits rotation at the thoracic spine?

A

rib cage

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8
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for flexion in the thoracic spine at the intervertebral and facet joints

A
  1. facet joint
    • anterior and superior glide bilaterally
  2. intervertebral
    1. anterior tilting of superior vertebrae
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9
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for extension in thoracic spine at the intervertebral and facet joints

A
  1. facets
    • posterior and inferior glide
  2. intervertebral
    1. posterior tilting of superior vertebrae
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10
Q

T/F: flexion and extension are more limited in the lower T-spine than in the upper T-spine

A

FALSE
more limited in upper T-spin (T1-T6) due to rib cage rigidity and facet orientation

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11
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for L sidebending in the thoracic spine at the facet and intervertebral body joints

A
  1. facets
    • contralateral facet → superior glide
    • ipsilateral facet → inferior glide
  2. intervertebral body
    1. lateral tilt to the L
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12
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for R rotation in the upper thoracic spine at the facet and intervertebral body joints

A
  1. facet
    • contralateral side → anterior slide with superio glide
    • ipsilateral side → posterior slide with inferior glide
  2. interbody
    • R rotation
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13
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for L rotation in the lower thoracic spine at the facet and interbody joints

A
  1. facets
    • contralateral → anterior glide with inferior glide
    • ipsilateral → posterior glide with superior glide
  2. interbody
    1. rotate to the L
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14
Q

In the upper Thoracic spine how is rotation and side bending coupled?

A

same direction

R rotation = R side bending

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15
Q

during L rotation in T3-T4, which facet will be gapping and which will be approximating?

A
  1. gapping → contralateral
    • anterior with superior glide
  2. approximation → ipsilateral side
    • posterior with inferior glide
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16
Q

during L rotation in T8-T9, which facet will be gapping and which will be approximating?

A
  1. gapping → ipsilateral side
    1. posterior with superior glide (side bending to R)
  2. approximating → contralateral side
    1. anterior with inferior glide (side bending to R)
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17
Q

what can cause hyperkyphosis?

A
  1. trauma
  2. abnormal growth/development of vertebrae
  3. severe DDD
  4. marked osteoporosis
18
Q

what kind of joints make up the sacroiliac joint?

A

overall it is a compound joint

  1. anterior portion → synovial planar
  2. posterior portion → syndesmosis
19
Q

what muscles help reinforce the anterior portion of the pubic symphysis?

A
  1. transversus abdominis
  2. rectus abdominis
  3. internal oblique
  4. adductor longus
20
Q

describe the arthrokinematics for flexion in the lumbar spine at the facet and interbody joints

A
  1. facets
    1. anterior and superior gliding (gapping)
  2. interbody
    1. anterior tilting
21
Q

describe the arthrokinematics during extension of the lumbar spine at the facet and interbody joints

A
  1. facets
    • posterior and inferior glide (approximating)
  2. interbody
    1. posterior tilt
22
Q

where does the greatest amount of motion occur in the lumbar spine?

A

inferior segments for all sagittal plane motions

23
Q

describe the arthrokinematics during L3-L4 R sidebending at the facet and interbody joints

A
  1. facet
    • contralateral side → superior glide
    • ipsilateral side → inferior glide
  2. interbody
    • R tilt
24
Q

how is rotation and side-bending coupled in the lumbar spine?

A

it is inconsistent in research

BUT
we know that if you start in a neutral spine, then side-bending and rotation are coupled in the OPPOSITE direction

25
Q

if you are starting with a neutral Lumbar spine

where would facet gapping occur during L sidebending?

A
  1. gapping → ipsilateral side (L)
  2. approximation → contralateral side (R)
26
Q

describe the arthrokinematics during L rotation of the L2-L3 at the facets and interbody joints

A
  1. facets
    • contralateral side → anterior slide (approximate if started in neutral)
    • ipsilateral side → posterior slide (gap if started in neutral)
  2. interbody
    • L rotation
27
Q

where does the greatest amount of motion occur for the Lumbar spine with side bending and rotation?

A

superior lumbar segments

28
Q

what is lumbo-pelvic rhythm?

A

the relationship of the lumbar spine and the hip joints that occurs with flexion and extension

29
Q

what is the normal lumbo-pelvic rhythm for flexion?

A

initially lumbar flexion followed by anterior tilting of the pelvis

30
Q

what is lumbo-pelvic rhythm for extension?

A

posterior tilting of the pelvis followed by lumbar extension

31
Q

what is a consequence of imparied lumbo-pelvic rhythm?

A

reduced ROM

32
Q

what are the 2 phases typical to a situp?

A

Trunk flexion phase

hip flexion phase

33
Q

what is an altered pattern that can occur during a situp?

A

weak abdominals result in early hip flexion due to hip flexors dominance of the activity

34
Q

what are 3 strategies that should be applied to have better lifting mechanics?

A
  1. reduce velocity of lift
  2. reduce magnitude of external load
  3. reduce length of extensor moment arm
35
Q

what terms are used to describe the movement of the pelvis (innominate bones)?

A
  1. anterior pelvic tilt → ASIS and pubic move inferiorly
  2. posterior pelvic tilt → ASIS and pubic move superiorly
36
Q

what terms describe the movement of the sacrum on the pelvis?

A
  1. nutation
  2. counternutation
37
Q

what is nutation?

A

sacral promontory → moves anteriorly and inferiorly

sacral apex → moves posteriorly and superiorly

38
Q

what is counternutation?

A

sacral promontory → moves posteriorly and superiorly

sacral apex → moves anteriorly

39
Q

how does nutation provide stability?

A

it will result in increased compression of the SI joint making it more stable

40
Q

how does utilizing a lumbar role during sitting postively impact the lumbar spine?

A

without one our lumbar spine flexes more which increase the pressure on the anterior disc causing it shift disc material posteriorly

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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