Intro to Kinesiology Flashcards
Review basic structure and function of joints, biomechanical principles, and muscle structure and function
what are Osteokinematics?
large scale movements that we can observe
“flexion of the shoulder”
what are arthokinematics?
the motion that occurs between joint surfaces, we cannot see or observe these
also known as “joint play”
what is the concave-convex rule?
roll and glide is in the SAME direction
what is the convex-concave rule?
roll and glide is in the OPPOSITE direction
T/F: rolls are generally in the same direction as the osteokinematic motion”
TRUE
Describe what movement “roll” is in arthokinematics
multiple points along one articulating surface rotating and making contact with multiple points on another articular surface
like a rotating tire making contact with the road
describe what movement “glide” is in arthorkinematics
a single point on one articular process making contact with multiple points on another articular process
like a tire that is being braked, one spot on the brake pad makes contact with multiple places on the tire
describe what movement “spin” is in arthrokinematics
a single point on one articular surface makes contact with a single point on another articular surface
the axis of the tire makes contact with one part of the tire
T/F: : After strain in the elastic region is removed from a tissue it results in a permanent change in tissue length
False,
strain in the plastic region results in permanent change in tissue length
Viscoelastic tissues are dependent on what 2 factors?
time
rate
Define Viscosity
resistance to flow
Define elasticity
ability to return to original length or shape after removal of deforming load
What is creep?
progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time
describe a first-class lever and give an example of one in the body
classic seesaw
axis is between opposing forces
head and neck extensor muscles is an example
describe a second-class lever and give an example of one in the body
wheelbarrow
axis is located at one end, resistance in the middle, force at the other end
standing on tip toes
describe a third-class lever and give an example of one in the body
axis at one end with force in the middle and resistance at the opposite end
elbow flexion
what is the most common lever type in the human body?
third-class lever
What are Newton’s 3 laws?
- Law of inertia
- Law of acceleration (F = ma)
- Law of action and reaction
Define inertia, what is it directly proportional to?
the amount of force required to move an object (object will remain at rest until a sufficent amount of force is applied)
directly proportional to mass
What is mass moment of inertia?
a quantity that indicates resistance to change in angular velocity
what does an electrogoniometer measure?
joint angular rotation during movement
What are 2 non-contractile proteins that make up a muscle?
what do they contribute?
- Titin
- Desmin
stabilization of contractile proteins
provide passive force
what are the most common muscle arrangement?
Fusiform
Pennate
What is a force couple?
When 2 muscles create force in 2 different linear directions that result in a produced torque in the same direction
pelvic tilting
When do we feel passive tension?
when a stretch is placed on connective tissue
T/F: putting a quick stretch on a muscle just prior to contraction will reduce the potential for force generated by that muscle
FALSE
quick stretch = increased potential for force generated
What is passive insufficiency?
limitation in ROM of muscle when that muscle is placed on stretch at both joints it crosses
What is active insufficiency?
limitation in the ability to produce force when a muscle is actively contracting at both joints it crosses
When attempting to stretch a one joint muscle must be aware that may need to place the two-joint muscle on __________in order to maximize the stretch at the one joint muscle.
slack
Tenodesis grip is a great example of ___________
passive insufficiency
Force-Velocity Curve
Concentric: velocity is ________ to load
Eccentric: velocity is _______ to load
Concentric: inversely related
Eccentric: proportional
What are the 7 elemental structures that are always present in synovial joints?
- Articular cartilage
- Joint capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Ligaments – protect from excessive movements
- Blood vessels
- Sensory nerves
- Synovial fluid – reduces friction and provide nutrients to the joint
what are the 7 different types of synovial joint?
- Hinge
- Pivot – radioulnar
- Ellipsoid
- Ball and socket
- Plane – intercarpal and intertarsal
- Saddle - CMC
- Condyloid – MCP, tibiofemoral
T/F: the axis of rotation at your joint is a fixed point
FALSE
What are the main components of connective tissue?
- Fibrous proteins
- Ground substance
- Cells
what are the 3 types of periarticular connective tissue?
- Dense connective tissue
- Fibrocartilage
- Articular cartilage
what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?
- Regular - ligaments and tendons
- Irregular - joint capsule
What is the primary function of Hyaline cartilage and how does it recieve nutrients?
Distribute and absorb joint forces and reduce joint friction
compression results in more synovial fluid which is how it recieves nutrients
what is an example of fibrocartilage?
menisci
labrum
articular discs
what is the primary function of fibrocartilage?
Support and mechanically stabilize joints, dissipates loads across multiple planes and guide complex arthrokinematics
