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Kinesiology > Intro to Kinesiology > Flashcards

Intro to Kinesiology Flashcards

Review basic structure and function of joints, biomechanical principles, and muscle structure and function

1
Q

what are Osteokinematics?

A

large scale movements that we can observe

“flexion of the shoulder”

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2
Q

what are arthokinematics?

A

the motion that occurs between joint surfaces, we cannot see or observe these

also known as “joint play”

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3
Q

what is the concave-convex rule?

A

roll and glide is in the SAME direction

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4
Q

what is the convex-concave rule?

A

roll and glide is in the OPPOSITE direction

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5
Q

T/F: rolls are generally in the same direction as the osteokinematic motion”

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Describe what movement “roll” is in arthokinematics

A

multiple points along one articulating surface rotating and making contact with multiple points on another articular surface

like a rotating tire making contact with the road

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7
Q

describe what movement “glide” is in arthorkinematics

A

a single point on one articular process making contact with multiple points on another articular process

like a tire that is being braked, one spot on the brake pad makes contact with multiple places on the tire

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8
Q

describe what movement “spin” is in arthrokinematics

A

a single point on one articular surface makes contact with a single point on another articular surface

the axis of the tire makes contact with one part of the tire

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9
Q

T/F: : After strain in the elastic region is removed from a tissue it results in a permanent change in tissue length

A

False,

strain in the plastic region results in permanent change in tissue length

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10
Q

Viscoelastic tissues are dependent on what 2 factors?

A

time

rate

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11
Q

Define Viscosity

A

resistance to flow

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12
Q

Define elasticity

A

ability to return to original length or shape after removal of deforming load

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13
Q

What is creep?

A

progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time

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14
Q

describe a first-class lever and give an example of one in the body

A

classic seesaw

axis is between opposing forces

head and neck extensor muscles is an example

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15
Q

describe a second-class lever and give an example of one in the body

A

wheelbarrow

axis is located at one end, resistance in the middle, force at the other end

standing on tip toes

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16
Q

describe a third-class lever and give an example of one in the body

A

axis at one end with force in the middle and resistance at the opposite end

elbow flexion

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17
Q

what is the most common lever type in the human body?

A

third-class lever

18
Q

What are Newton’s 3 laws?

A
  1. Law of inertia
  2. Law of acceleration (F = ma)
  3. Law of action and reaction
19
Q

Define inertia, what is it directly proportional to?

A

the amount of force required to move an object (object will remain at rest until a sufficent amount of force is applied)

directly proportional to mass

20
Q

What is mass moment of inertia?

A

a quantity that indicates resistance to change in angular velocity

21
Q

what does an electrogoniometer measure?

A

joint angular rotation during movement

22
Q

What are 2 non-contractile proteins that make up a muscle?

what do they contribute?

A
  1. Titin
  2. Desmin

stabilization of contractile proteins

provide passive force

23
Q

what are the most common muscle arrangement?

A

Fusiform

Pennate

24
Q

What is a force couple?

A

When 2 muscles create force in 2 different linear directions that result in a produced torque in the same direction

pelvic tilting

25
Q

When do we feel passive tension?

A

when a stretch is placed on connective tissue

26
Q

T/F: putting a quick stretch on a muscle just prior to contraction will reduce the potential for force generated by that muscle

A

FALSE

quick stretch = increased potential for force generated

27
Q

What is passive insufficiency?

A

limitation in ROM of muscle when that muscle is placed on stretch at both joints it crosses

28
Q

What is active insufficiency?

A

limitation in the ability to produce force when a muscle is actively contracting at both joints it crosses

29
Q

When attempting to stretch a one joint muscle must be aware that may need to place the two-joint muscle on __________in order to maximize the stretch at the one joint muscle.

A

slack

30
Q

Tenodesis grip is a great example of ___________

A

passive insufficiency

31
Q

Force-Velocity Curve

Concentric: velocity is ________ to load

Eccentric: velocity is _______ to load

A

Concentric: inversely related

Eccentric: proportional

32
Q

What are the 7 elemental structures that are always present in synovial joints?

A
  1. Articular cartilage
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Synovial membrane
  4. Ligaments – protect from excessive movements
  5. Blood vessels
  6. Sensory nerves
  7. Synovial fluid – reduces friction and provide nutrients to the joint
33
Q

what are the 7 different types of synovial joint?

A
  1. Hinge
  2. Pivot – radioulnar
  3. Ellipsoid
  4. Ball and socket
  5. Plane – intercarpal and intertarsal
  6. Saddle - CMC
  7. Condyloid – MCP, tibiofemoral
34
Q

T/F: the axis of rotation at your joint is a fixed point

A

FALSE

35
Q

What are the main components of connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibrous proteins
  2. Ground substance
  3. Cells
36
Q

what are the 3 types of periarticular connective tissue?

A
  1. Dense connective tissue
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Articular cartilage
37
Q

what are the 2 types of dense connective tissue?

A
  1. Regular - ligaments and tendons
  2. Irregular - joint capsule
38
Q

What is the primary function of Hyaline cartilage and how does it recieve nutrients?

A

Distribute and absorb joint forces and reduce joint friction

compression results in more synovial fluid which is how it recieves nutrients

39
Q

what is an example of fibrocartilage?

A

menisci

labrum

articular discs

40
Q

what is the primary function of fibrocartilage?

A

Support and mechanically stabilize joints, dissipates loads across multiple planes and guide complex arthrokinematics

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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