Arthrokinematics

Question 1

describe the arthrokinematics at the atlanto-occipital joint?

Answer 1

convex (occipital condyle) on concave (superior facets of atlas)

opposite roll and glide/slide

Question 2

describe the arthrokinematics at the atlanto-axial joint

Answer 2

inferior facet of atlas/superior facet of axis

gliding → ipsilateral posterior glide with contralateral anterior glide

Question 3

describe the arthrokinematics that occur during flexion/extension of C3-C7

Answer 3

flexion = inferior facet (of superior vertebrae) glides anterior and superior to superior facet (of inferior vertebrae)

extension = inferior facet (of superior vertebrae) slides posterior and inferior to superior facet (of inferior vertebrae)

Question 4

describe the arthorkinematics that occur during rotation in C3-C7

Answer 4

same side as rotation = inferior facet glides posterior and slightly inferior

opposite side as rotation = inferior facet glides anterior and slightly superior

Question 5

descibe the arthrokinematics that occur during lateral flexion of C3-C7

Answer 5

same side - inferior facet glides inferior and slightly posterior

opposite side - inferior facet glides superior and slightly anterior

Question 10

describe the arthrokinematics of R rotation of C4-5

Answer 10

R (ipsilateral) C4 facet glides posterior and slightly inferior on C5 facet

L (contralateral) C4 facet glides anterior and slighly superior on C5 facet

Question 11

what are the arthokinematic motions that occur at the intervertebral joints with each osteokinematic motion?

Answer 11

1. approximation/distraction and gliding
2. tipping

Question 12

what are the arthokinematic motions that occur at each facet joint with each osteokinematic movement?

Answer 12

approximation/gapping and gliding

Question 13

T/F: no rotation (or rolling) occurs with protrusion and retraction of the TMJ?

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

what occurs on the ipsilateral side during TMJ lateral excursion?

Answer 14

primarily side-to-side translation of condyle and disc within the fossa

ipsilateral condyle glides posteriorly (retrusion)

Question 15

what occurs on the contralateral side during TMJ lateral excursion

Answer 15

primarily side-to-side translation of condyle and disc within fossa

anterior glide on the contralateral condyle

Question 16

describe the arthrokinematics for flexion in the thoracic spine at the intervertebral and facet joints

Answer 16

1. facet joint
   
   • anterior and superior glide bilaterally
2. intervertebral
   
   1. anterior tilting of superior vertebrae

Question 17

describe the arthrokinematics for extension in thoracic spine at the intervertebral and facet joints

Answer 17

1. facets
   
   • posterior and inferior glide
2. intervertebral
   
   1. posterior tilting of superior vertebrae

Question 18

describe the arthrokinematics for L sidebending in the thoracic spine at the facet and intervertebral body joints

Answer 18

1. facets
   
   • contralateral facet → superior glide
   • ipsilateral facet → inferior glide
2. intervertebral body
   
   1. lateral tilt to the L

Question 19

describe the arthrokinematics for R rotation in the upper thoracic spine at the facet and intervertebral body joints

Answer 19

1. facet
   
   • contralateral side → anterior slide with superio glide
   • ipsilateral side → posterior slide with inferior glide
2. interbody
   
   • R rotation

Question 20

describe the arthrokinematics for L rotation in the lower thoracic spine at the facet and interbody joints

Answer 20

1. facets
   
   • contralateral → anterior glide with inferior glide
   • ipsilateral → posterior glide with superior glide
2. interbody
   
   1. rotate to the L

Question 21

In the upper Thoracic spine how is rotation and side bending coupled?

Answer 21

same direction

R rotation = R side bending

Question 22

describe the arthrokinematics for flexion in the lumbar spine at the facet and interbody joints

Answer 22

1. facets
   
   1. anterior and superior gliding (gapping)
2. interbody
   
   1. anterior tilting

Question 23

describe the arthrokinematics during extension of the lumbar spine at the facet and interbody joints

Answer 23

1. facets
   
   • posterior and inferior glide (approximating)
2. interbody
   
   1. posterior tilt

Question 24

describe the arthrokinematics during L3-L4 R sidebending at the facet and interbody joints

Answer 24

1. facet
   
   • contralateral side → superior glide
   • ipsilateral side → inferior glide
2. interbody
   
   • R tilt

Question 25

how is rotation and side-bending coupled in the lumbar spine?

Answer 25

it is inconsistent in research

BUT
we know that if you start in a neutral spine, then side-bending and rotation are coupled in the OPPOSITE direction

Question 26

if you are starting with a neutral Lumbar spine

where would facet gapping occur during L sidebending?

Answer 26

1. gapping → ipsilateral side (L)
2. approximation → contralateral side (R)

Question 27

describe the arthrokinematics during L rotation of the L2-L3 at the facets and interbody joints

Answer 27

1. facets
   
   • contralateral side → anterior slide (approximate if started in neutral)
   • ipsilateral side → posterior slide (gap if started in neutral)
2. interbody
   
   • L rotation

Question 28

during L rotation in T3-T4, which facet will be gapping and which will be approximating?

Answer 28

1. gapping → contralateral
   
   • anterior with superior glide
2. approximation → ipsilateral side
   
   • posterior with inferior glide

Question 29

during L rotation in T8-T9, which facet will be gapping and which will be approximating?

Answer 29

1. gapping → ipsilateral side 1. posterior with superior glide (side bending to R) 2. approximating → contralateral side 1. anterior with inferior glide (side bending to R)

Question 30

describe the arthrokinematics of the SC joint during elevation/depression

Answer 30

convex on concave elevation = lateral clavicle rotates upward (superior roll, inferior glide) depression = lateral clavicle rotates downward (inferior roll, superior glide)

Question 31

describe the arthrokinematics of the SC joint during protraction/retraction

Answer 31

concave on convex protraction = lateral clavicle moves anterior (anterior roll and glide) retraction = lateral clavicle moves posterior (posterior roll and glide)

Question 32

describe the associated arthrokinematics for the osteokinematic motions at the AC joint

Answer 32

none are well defined

Question 33

how is internal/external rotation of the AC joint important for motion at the scapula?

Answer 33

it maintains contact of scapula on curved thorax during protraction and retraction of clavicle

Question 34

how is A/P tipping of the AC joint important to scapular motion?

Answer 34

important for maintaining contact of scapula on curved thorax during elevation and depression of clavicle

Question 35

what is the significance of upward/downward rotation of the AC joint?

Answer 35

important for positioning of glenoid fossa in optimal position

Question 36

what motions occur at the SC and AC joint to allow for scapulothoracic protraction?

Answer 36

SC = protraction AC = slight IR

Question 37

what motions occur at the SC and AC joint to allow for scapulothoracic upward rotation?

Answer 37

summation of SC elevation and AC upward rotation

Question 38

describe the arthrokinematics for each osteokinematic motion at the GH joint

Answer 38

convex on concave (roll and glide will be opposite for every motion)

Question 39

describe the arthrokinematics at the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint

Answer 39

concave on convex roll and slide in same direction

Question 40

how is the arthrokinematics different at the proximal and distal radioulnar?

Answer 40

proximal = convex on concave distal = concave on convex

Question 41

describe the arthrokinematics that occur at the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints

Answer 41

convex on concave = roll is opposite of slide

Question 42

describe the arthrokinematics at the 1st CMC joint

Answer 42

flexion/extension = concave on convex (M/L roll with glide) ADB/ADD = convex on concave

Question 43

describe the arthrokinematics at the MCP joints

Answer 43

concave on convex roll and glide same direction

Question 44

describe the arthrokinematics at the IP joints

Answer 44

concave on convex palmar/dorsal roll with anterior/posterior glide (in same direction)

Question 45

describe the arthrokinematics of the hip during an OKC motion

Answer 45

Convex on Concave opposite roll and slide

Question 46

describe the arthrokinematics of hip IR/ER during an OKC motion

Answer 46

IR = anterior roll, posterior glide ER = posterio roll, anterior glide

Question 47

describe the arthrokinematics of the pelvic during an CKC movement

Answer 47

Concave on Convex roll and glide in same direction

Question 48

describe the arthokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint during a CKC motion

Answer 48

convex femoral condyle moves on concave tibial plateau opposite roll and glide

Question 49

describe the arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint during an OKC movement

Answer 49

concave tibial plateau moves on convex femoral condyle roll and glide in same direction

Question 50

what is the arthrokinematic rule during OKC motion at the talocrural joint?

Answer 50

convex talus moves on concave tibiofibular mortise

Question 51

describe the osteokinematics of the MTP joints

Answer 51

flexion/extension abduction/adduction

Question 52

what is the arthrokinematic rule for the MTP joints?

Answer 52

Concave on Convex roll and glide in same direction

Question 53

what is the arthokinematic rule for the IP joints?

Answer 53

Concave on Convex roll and glide in same direction