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Kinesiology > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

what stabilizes the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A
  1. joint capsule
  2. anterior tibiofibular ligament
  3. posterior tibiofibular ligament
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2
Q

what stabilizes the distal tibiofibular ligament?

A
  1. No joint capsule
  2. A/P tibiofibular ligament
  3. Interosseus membrane
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3
Q

what is injured during a high ankle sprain?

A

distal tibiofibular joint

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4
Q

what motions are available at the proximal and distal tibiofibular joint?

A
  1. A/P glide
  2. S/I glide
  3. IR/ER
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5
Q

what is the open pack position for the tibiofibular joint?

A

10° plantarflexion

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6
Q

where is the deltoid ligament and what does it limit?

A

medial ankle

limits eversion/pronation

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7
Q

what is the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle made up of?

A

3 ligaments:

  1. anterior talofibular ligament
  2. calcaneofibular ligament
  3. posterior talofibular ligament
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8
Q

what does the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle limit?

A

inversion and supination

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9
Q

what muscles limit eversion/pronation of the ankle?

A

tibialis posterior

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

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10
Q

what muscles limit inversion/supination at the ankle?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

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11
Q

what muscles limit dorsiflexion at the ankle?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

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12
Q

what muscles limit plantarflexion at the ankle?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

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13
Q

what is the most stable position for the ankle?

A

dorsiflexion (wider base is wedged between the tibiofibular motise)

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14
Q

describe the osteokinematics with the arthrokinematics of the talocrural joint

A

Dorsiflexion = anterior roll with posterior glide

Plantarflexion = posterior roll with anterior glide

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15
Q

what is the arthrokinematic rule during OKC motion at the talocrural joint?

A

convex talus moves on concave tibiofibular mortise

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16
Q

what is the open pack position and capsular pattern for the talocrural joint?

A

open pack = 10º plantarflexion w/neutral inversion/eversion

capsular pattern = loss of plantarflexion greater than dorsiflexion

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17
Q

in what position is the foot more stable/mobile?

A

pronation = more mobile

supination = more stable

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18
Q

what is the purpose of pronation at the ankle?

A

allows more mobility which allow for:

  1. a decrease in impact from weight-bearing forces
  2. dampen superimposed rotational motions
  3. the ankle to adapt to changes in supporting surfaces and terrains
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19
Q

what is the purpose of supination at the ankle?

A

allows the arches to be stable enough to allow for:

  1. distribution of weight through the foot for proper weight bearing
  2. convert the flexible foot to a rigid lever
20
Q

what is the function of the plantar fascia?

A

tightens up when the toes are extended to provide support to the medial longitudinal arch.

aids in the windless effect

21
Q

describe the osteology and joint type of the subtalar joint

A

talus on calcaneus

made up of 3 ovoid synovial joints

22
Q

what moves on what during weight bearing at the subtalar joint?

A

talus moves on calcaneus

23
Q

during weight bearing, what motions couple to allow for supination?

A
  1. calcaneus inverts
  2. talus abducts
  3. talus dorsiflexes
  4. tibiofibular lateral rotation
24
Q

during weight bearing, what motions couple to produce pronation?

A
  1. calcaneus everts
  2. talus adducts and plantarflexes
  3. tibiofibular medial rotation
25
Q

what moves on what during non-weight bearing motions at the subtalar joint?

A

calcaneus moves on the talus

26
Q

during non-weight bearing motions, what movements couple together to produce supination at the subtalar joint?

A

calcaneus adduction, inversion, and plantarflexion

27
Q

during non-weight bearing motions, what movements couple together to produce pronation at the subtalar joint?

A

calcaneus abduction, dorsiflexion and eversion

28
Q

what is a valgus movement at the calcaneus?

A

calcaneal eversion

29
Q

what is a varus movement at the calcaneus?

A

calcaneal inversion

30
Q

how would pronation at the subtalar joint impact the joints higher up?

A

medial rotation of knee and hip

31
Q

how would supination at the subtalar joint impact joints above?

A

lateral rotation of hip and knee

32
Q

what is the open pack position and capsular pattern for the subtalar joint?

A

open pack = mid inversion/eversion and mid plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

no capsular pattern

33
Q

what joints make up the transverse tarsal joint?

A

talonavicular joint

calcaneocuboid joint

34
Q

what is the open pack position for the transverse tarsal joint?

A

midrange of supination/pronation

35
Q

describe the osteokinematics of the MTP joints

A

flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

36
Q

what is the arthrokinematic rule for the MTP joints?

A

Concave on Convex

roll and glide in same direction

37
Q

what is the open pack position and capsular pattern for the MTP joints?

A

open pack = 10° extension

capsular pattern: 1st MTP extension > flexion

2-5 loss of flexion

38
Q

what is hallux limitus

A

Turf Toe

a condition marked by gradual and significant limitation in motion along with articular degeneration and pain

39
Q

what is hallux valgus

A

bunion deformity

progressive lateral deviation of great toe

40
Q

what is the main function of the IP joints?

A

maintain stability by pressing against the ground in standing

41
Q

what is the arthokinematic rule for the IP joints?

A

Concave on Convex

roll and glide in same direction

42
Q

what is pes planus?

A

“flat feet”

abnormally dropped medial longitudinal arch

43
Q

what are some possible causes of pes planus?

A

assocaited with over stretched, torn or weakened plantar fascia, spring ligament, and/or tibialis posterior tendon

44
Q

what is pes cavus?

A

over supination

abnormally raised medial longitudinal arch

45
Q

what are some possible causes for pes cavus?

A

associated with excessive rearfoot varus (inversion)

46
Q

what is the rol of the posterior tibialis tendon during gait?

A

decelerates pronation rearfoot in loading response

this results in gradual and controlled lowering of medial longitudinal arch and absorbs some of the impact from loading

Kinesiology (13 decks)

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