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Biomechanics > Thoracic Region > Flashcards

Thoracic Region Flashcards

1
Q

primary function of facet (zygapophyseal) joints

A

resist shear forces between vertebrae

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2
Q

Rule of 3’s

A

T1-T3 same level as TP
T4-T6 1/2 level below TP
T7-T9 1 level below TP
T10-T12 same level as TP

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3
Q

why are spinous process extended inferiorly

A

help prevent the abdominal viscera of the quadruped from dragging on the ground

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4
Q

body density of thoracic vertebrae

A

increases superior to inferior to support body weight

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5
Q

sternocostal joints

A

costochondral and chondrosternal junction

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6
Q

costochondral junction

A

transition between bone and cartilage / little movement

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7
Q

chondrosternal junction

A

medial ends of cartilage of the ribs and the costal facets of sternum

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8
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

shock absorber that transfers load

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9
Q

Annulus fibrosis

A

collagen rich, resistant to tensile load , has sensory nerve fibers and blood vessels

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10
Q

degenerative disc/ joint disease & its effect on body

A

DDJD
normal aspect of aging
reduction of appropriate nutrient exchange

Will cause for poor response to loading results and osteophyte formation

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11
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

limits spinal extension

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12
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

limits spinal flexion

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13
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

counterbalance that enables the disc to accept greater compressive forces

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14
Q

Intertransverse Ligament

A

limits lateral flexion

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15
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A

limits spinal flexion

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16
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A

limits spinal flexion

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17
Q

Thoracic Spine Flexion Arthrokinematics

A

superior and anterior sliding of inferior facet on superior facet

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18
Q

Thoracic Spinal Extension Arthrokinematics

A

inferior and posterior sliding of the inferior facet on the superior facet

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19
Q

Thoracic Spinal Lateral Flexion Arthrokinematics

A

ipsilateral side: inferior slide

contralateral side: superior slide

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20
Q

Thoracic Rotation Arthrokinematics

A

contralateral slide

21
Q

Lumbar Rotation Arthrokinematics

A

ipsilateral side: facet separation

contralateral side: facet approximation

22
Q

upper thoracic spine movement behavior

A

function like cervical spine

23
Q

middle thoracic spine movement behavior

A

functions independently and has influence on rib cage

24
Q

lower thoracic spine movement behavior

A

function like lumbar spine

25
Q

Intervertebral opening movements

A

sagittal: flexion
frontal: contralateral lateral flexion
Transverse: dependent on degree of flexion & extension

26
Q

Intervertebral closing movements

A

sagittal: extension
frontal: ipsilateral lateral flexion
transverse plane: dependent on flexion and extesnsion

27
Q

coupled motion in thoracic spine

A

rotation and lateral flexion are strongly coupled in an ipsilateral direction

28
Q

Ribs Classification

A

1-7 - true
8-12 - false

2-10 - typical
1 - a typical

29
Q

Rib Thoracic Flexion Arthrokinematics

A

anterior rotation of the rib at costovertebral joint

superior glide at costotransverse joint

30
Q

Rib Thoracic Extension Arthrokinematics

A

posterior rotation of the rib at costovertebral

inferior glide at costotransverse

31
Q

Rib Thoracic side bending Arthrokinematics

A

approximation of ribs on ipsilateral side

distraction of ribs on contralateral side

32
Q

Rib Rotation Arthrokinematics

A

right thoracic rotation results in posterior rotation of the right rib and anterior rotation of the left rib

33
Q

Erector spinae

A

U: lateral flexion
B: extension

34
Q

Transversospinal

A

B: extension
U: Lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

35
Q

Serratus anterior

A

fixed scapula : pulls rib cage posteriorly

36
Q

pec major

A

fixed UE: pulls rib cage superior, anterior and lateral

37
Q

Anterior & middle Scalene

A

Fixed c/s: elevation of 1st rib

38
Q

Posterior scalene

A

Fixed c/s: elevation of 2nd rib

39
Q

Muscles of ventilation

A

diaphragm , intercostals, and abdominals

40
Q

Accessory support to ventilation

A

pecs , serratus anterior, scalenes, SC, trap, paraspinals

41
Q

Scoliosis

A

deformity of vertebral column by abnormal posture

42
Q

Functional scoliosis

A

corrected by active shift of posture

43
Q

Structural scoliosis

A

fixed by deformity unaffected by shift in posture

44
Q

Cobb’s Angle

A

parrallel line from superior endplate of most tilted vertebrae at the top & inferior endplate of the most tiltted vertebrae at the bottom

45
Q

what Cobb’s angle determines scoliosis

A

10 degrees

45 needs surgery

46
Q

inspiration bucket handle

A

ribs elevate upward & outward to increase volume

more so lower ribs

47
Q

inspiration pump handle

A

anterior and superior migration of sternum to assist with increase volume

(more so upper ribs)

48
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • performs 60-80% of ventilation
  • increases volume in all 3 diameters
  • separates thoracic cavity from abdominal
49
Q

Examples of failure of the system (Model of postural support for ventilation)

A
  • intercostal weakness
  • abdominal weakness
  • pelvic floor dysfunction

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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