Special Topics Of Upper Extremity and Cervical Spine

Question 1

whiplash effects on cervical spine

Answer 1

1st phase: lower cervical extension/ upper cervical flexion

2nd phase:cervical extension l

Question 2

predictors for poor recovery

Answer 2

high pain level or high perception of pain

Question 3

scapular dyskinesia

Answer 3

altered movement or position of the scapula

Question 4

SICK scapula

Answer 4

S - scapular malposition
I - inferomedial border prominence
C- coracoid pain
K - dyskinesis

Question 5

scapular dyskinesia relationship to pain

Answer 5

poor relationship to cause pain

Question 6

scapular dyskinesis test

Answer 6

5 reps of shoulder flexion and ABD holding dumbell

Question 7

what to look for in scapular dyskinesis test

Answer 7

winging & dysrhythmia

Question 8

scapular retraction test

Answer 8

patient retracts scap and lifts arm - provide resistance

Question 9

scapular assistance test

Answer 9

PT manually provides assistance to scap during shoulder flexion

Question 10

adhesive capsulitis

Answer 10

reversal of scapulohumeral rhythm due to GH stiffness / functional limitation

Question 11

movement patterns to achieve OH throwing are dependent on:

Answer 11

• coordination, motor planning, motor skill
• object
• intended velocity of object

Question 12

why is OH throwing studied in biomechanics

Answer 12

to understand interplay of forces, maximize performance, and predict potential injury

Question 13

Throwing Motion (steps)

Answer 13

1. Wind Up
2. Stride
3. Arm Cocking
4. Acceleration
5. Deceleration
6. Follow Through

Question 14

Wind up

Answer 14

• trunk and torso rotate 90
• concentric elevation of stride leg
• isometric contraction of hip abductors, & knee extensors of stance leg

Question 15

Stride

Answer 15

• begins with linear velocity of stride leg

- coil/uncoil of lower extremities begins to transition through torso

Question 16

Arm Cocking

Answer 16

• increased BOS
• increase Potential Energy
• External rotation: subscap, latissimus and pecs eccentrically contract

Question 17

Acceleration

Answer 17

• begins with GH ER
• triceps, pec major, latissimus dorsi and serratus concentrically contract
• IR of GH assist with stability

Question 18

Deceleration

Answer 18

-large eccentric load to infraspinatus and teres minor to slow arm down

Question 19

Follow Through

Answer 19

• begins at IR
• stride leg absorbs pitch
• deceleration of deltoid and RTC eccentrically

Question 20

where do most overuse throwing injuries occur?

Answer 20

deceleration or follow through

Question 21

Adaptive changes to tissue in OH dominant throwing arm

Answer 21

• posterior capsule hypomobility
• shifts humeral head posteriorly
• humeral retroversion
• Glenoid retroversion

Question 22

Motion analysis of pitching: sidearm

Answer 22

less anterior shoulder force at ball release,

- greatest shoulder ER , valgus elbow force

Question 23

Motion analysis of pitching: Over head

Answer 23

• greater trunk lean, shoulder ABD, anterior shoulder force

- less elbow flexion torque as compared to side arm

Question 24

Tendoesis Grip

Answer 24

intact extensors with passive digit flexion