Thoracic region

Question 1

thoracic segments considered typical

Answer 1

T2-T8 segments

Question 2

thoracic segments considered atypical

Answer 2

T1, T9-T12

Question 3

features allowing discrimination b/w T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups

Answer 3

vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

Question 4

the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view

Answer 4

triangular

Question 5

on cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for T5-T8 group

Answer 5

left side of vertebral body flattened, right side convex

Question 6

name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8

Answer 6

aortic impression

Question 7

part of the vertebral body most influenced by the aorta @ T5-T8

Answer 7

left side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

Question 8

height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body

Answer 8

posterior height greater than the anterior height by 1-2mm

Question 9

height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region

Answer 9

intervertebral discs are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights

Question 10

principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine

Answer 10

vertebral body height differences

Question 11

terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

another way of naming a posterior curve pattern

Answer 12

kyphotic curve

Question 13

joint classification ID at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

Answer 13

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthorosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 14

synovial joints formed @ the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

Answer 14

4

Question 15

of symphysis joints formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

Answer 15

2

Question 16

of Syndesmosis joints formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

Answer 16

typically 4 ID’ed (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

Question 17

name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib

Answer 17

costocentral joint

Question 18

of costocentral joints formed at the vertebral body of typical thoracic

Answer 18

4

Question 19

which demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger

Answer 19

superior costal demi-facet

Question 20

what feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics

Answer 20

costocentral joint or ribs

Question 21

ligaments that support costocentral joint

Answer 21

costocentral stellate/radiate ligament and the costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

Question 22

costocentral stellate/radiate ligament will attach to which segments at the T3 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen

Answer 22

vertebral body of T3 and the vertebral body of T4

Question 23

what does the costocentral intra-articular ligament connect to

Answer 23

interarticular or intra-articular crest of the head of the rib and the intervertebral disc

Question 24

size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demo-facet surface

Answer 24

the rib surface is greater than the costal demo-facet surface

Question 25

muscle(s) attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3

Answer 25

longus colli

Question 26

position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body

Answer 26

pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly lateral

Question 27

angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region

Answer 27

10-15* posterolateral from the sagittal plane

Question 28

X-ray view used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic

Answer 28

lateral view

Question 29

overlap of the lamina in the typical thoracic region is called

Answer 29

shingling

Question 30

outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region

Answer 30

oval to circular

Question 31

the plane the size of the vertebral foramen is greatest in a typical thoracic

Answer 31

transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

Question 32

the direction of the transverse process in the typical thoracics

Answer 32

transverse process projects more posterior with each inferior vertebra

Question 33

present at the tip of the transverse process of a typical thoracic

Answer 33

transverse tubercle

Question 34

osseous parts of the costotransverse joint

Answer 34

transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

Question 35

ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic

Answer 35

superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

Question 36

distinguish between a T2-4 and a T5-8 segment using articular processes

Answer 36

@T2-4: width between superior articular processes greater than width between inferior articular processes of that vertebra @T5-8: width between the superior articular processes is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra

Question 37

orientation of the SUPERIOR articular facet of typical thoracic

Answer 37

BUL (face backwards, upwards, lateral)

Question 38

orientation of the INFERIOR articular facet of a typical thoracic

Answer 38

ForMeD (face forward, medial, downward)

Question 39

of synovial joints present at a typical thoracic

Answer 39

10

Question 40

of synovial joint surfaces for RIBS on a typical thoracic

Answer 40

6

Question 41

ID synovial joint surfaces for ribs that are present on a typical thoracic

Answer 41

2 superior costal demi-facet, 2 inferior costal demi-facet, 2 transverse costal facets

Question 42

overlap of spinous processes

Answer 42

imbrication

Question 43

imbrication most prominent at what region of the thoracics

Answer 43

T5-8

Question 44

thoracic that has the longest spinous process

Answer 44

T8

Question 45

angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region

Answer 45

undersurface of T2-4 spinous processes will angle up to 40* form the horizontal plane undersurface of T5-8 spinous processes will angle up to 60* from the horizontal plane

Question 46

muscles that may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic

Answer 46

``` trapezius latissimus dorsi rhomboid maj. serratus posterior superior splenius cervicis and capitis spinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitis semispinalis thoracis multifidis rotator longus, brevis interspinalis ```

Question 47

muscle that may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic

Answer 47

``` longissimus thoracis, cervicis, capitis semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitis rotator longus, brevis intertransversarii levator costarum longus, brevis ```