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Spinal Exam 2 questions > E2 Vertebral regions and Atypical C1/atlas > Flashcards

E2 Vertebral regions and Atypical C1/atlas Flashcards

1
Q

influences spinal kinematics

A

geometry of articular facets,

mechanical properties of connective tissue,

mechanical properties of muscle

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2
Q

typical cervical couple with the greatest FLEXION-EXTENSION

A

C5/C6

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3
Q

mostions coupled with the cervical spine

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

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4
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will be similar for what cervical vertebrae couples

A

C2/3,
C3/4,
C4/5

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5
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple

A

C5/C6

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6
Q

usual condition for caucasian typical cervical spinous process

A

they are bifid

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7
Q

usual condition for african-american typical cervical spinous process

A

they are NON bifid

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8
Q

muscles that attach to the typical cervical SPINOUS process

A 
spinalis cervicis,
semispinalis cervicis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotators
interspinalis
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9
Q

Anterior boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A 
lateral groove
vertebral body of segment above and below
uncinate process
intervertebral disc
posterior longitudinal ligament
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10
Q

POSTERIOR boundary of typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

inferior articular process (post. zyg.)
superior articular process (pre. zyg)
capsular ligament
ligamentum flavum

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11
Q

the unique ANTERIOR boundary of intervertebral foramen for C4 spinal nerve

A

lateral groove of C3 and

uncinate process of C4 = joint of luschka

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12
Q

name of first cervical vertebra

A

atlas

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13
Q

features lacking in C1

A

vertebral body,
pedicles
spinous process
intervertebral disc

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14
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1

A

anterior arch

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15
Q

muscle that attaches to the anterior arch of C1

A

longus colli

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16
Q

ligaments that attach to the anterior arch of C1

A

anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital anterior atlanto-axial ligaments

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17
Q

what is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

fovea dentis

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18
Q

morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

they are elliptical
closer together in front
often demonstrate and elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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19
Q

orientation of the SUPERIOR articular facet of C1

A

BUM

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20
Q

joint classification of atlanto-occipital zygapophysis

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

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21
Q

morphological characteristics of interior articular facet of C1

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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22
Q

orientation of INFERIOR articular facet C1

A

BMD

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23
Q

joint classification of atlanto-axial zygapophysis

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

24
Q

name of rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

25
Q

muscles that attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

levator scapula, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

26
Q

the contribution of the posterior arch to the circumference of C1

A

~40%

27
Q

part of C1 represents the spinous process

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

28
Q

distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender

A

males: about 50mm
female: about 37mm

29
Q

attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

30
Q

attaches to arcuate rim of C1

A

posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

31
Q

ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification

A

accessory bone

32
Q

the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed

A

about 7 y.o.

33
Q

what may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

A

partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

34
Q

other name used to ID ponticulus posticus

A

kimmerle’s anomaly

35
Q

names given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

36
Q

ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations

A

all ethnic populations thus far

37
Q

general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1%-41%

38
Q

gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

A

boss ass bitches

(or females, which ever makes you happiest inside)

39
Q

location of Zygapophysis relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlantal-axial intervertebral foramina

A

forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

40
Q

osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

41
Q

ABSENT osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

42
Q

muscles that attach to the transverse process of C1

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

43
Q

suboccipital muscles known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

44
Q

connections between sub occipital muscles and the spinal dura

A

myodural bridges

45
Q

what are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to

A

lateral mass and transverse process of atlas

46
Q

opening is ID’ed when complete lateral bridge is formed

A

retrotransverse foramen

47
Q

possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen

A

vertebral artery branch from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

48
Q

which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is most numerous

A

ponticulus posticus

49
Q

which of the ponticles (bridges) of the atlas is ONLY observed in HUMANS

A

lateral bridges

50
Q

observed in transverse foramen of C1

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

51
Q

gender variation for measurement of the transverse diameter of C1

A

Males: 78 mm
Females: 72 mm

52
Q

distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

little over 30mm for both F and M

53
Q

joint classifications observed at C1

A 
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
synovial (diarthorsis) ellipsoidal joint
synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
54
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1

A

5

55
Q

synovial joint surfaces observed at C1

A

2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets
fovea dentis

Spinal Exam 2 questions (16 decks)

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