Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics Flashcards
The cervical region has what type of bend
What about thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
C - Lordosis
T - Kyphosis
L - Lordosis
S - Kyphosis
What is the vertebral unit
Two adjacent vertebrae and the associated IVD
T 1 - 3 spinous process is located where
At the level of the corresponding transverse process
T 4 - 6 spinous process is located where
1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process
T 7 - 10 spinous process is located where
At the level of the transverse process one vertebra below
T11 spinous process is located where
1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process
T12 spinous process is located where
At the level of T12 transverse process
What are the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar superior facet orientation
C - backwards, upwards, medial (BUM)
T - backwards, upwards, lateral (BUL)
L - backwards, medial (BM)
What does the ligamentum flava connect
The laminae of adjacent vertebra
What does the interspinous L attach
Adjoining spinous processes
What does the intertransverse L attach
Adjoining transverse processes
What does the rotatores braves and longi do bilatertally and unilaterally?
bilaterally - extends the thoracic spine
Unilaterally - rotates the TS to the opposite side
What does the multifidus M. Do bilaterally and unilaterally
Bilaterally - extends the spine
Unilaterally - flexes spine to same side. Rotates to opposite side
What does the semispinalis M do bilaterally and unilaterally
Bi - extends T and C spines and head
Uni - bends head, C, and T spines to same side
Rotates all to opposite side
Define coupled motion
Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis with another motion about or along a second axis
Define linkage
Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
Excessive motion or restriction is in reference to what
The vertebra above in a functional vertebra unit
Define Type 1 Mechanics
In the neutral range, side bending and rotation are couples in opposite directions
This tends to be in a group of vertebra
Define Type 2 mechanics
In flexion or extension, side bending and rotation are in the same direction
This tends to be a single vertebra
Define the Fryette Third Principle
Initiating Movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion
Type 1 And Type 2 SD’s are only applicable for what parts of the spine
T and L
A Cobb angle means what in-terms of treatment for the following degrees
<25
25 - 45
>45
<25 - monitor with xrays
25 - 45 - bracing
>45 - surgical fusion
What does the straight leg raise test indicate
Pain at 15 - 30 means lumbar dis etiology
Define spina bifida occulta
Failure of the neural tube to close without herniation
