Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics Flashcards
The cervical region has what type of bend
What about thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
C - Lordosis
T - Kyphosis
L - Lordosis
S - Kyphosis
What is the vertebral unit
Two adjacent vertebrae and the associated IVD
T 1 - 3 spinous process is located where
At the level of the corresponding transverse process
T 4 - 6 spinous process is located where
1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process
T 7 - 10 spinous process is located where
At the level of the transverse process one vertebra below
T11 spinous process is located where
1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process
T12 spinous process is located where
At the level of T12 transverse process
What are the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar superior facet orientation
C - backwards, upwards, medial (BUM)
T - backwards, upwards, lateral (BUL)
L - backwards, medial (BM)
What does the ligamentum flava connect
The laminae of adjacent vertebra
What does the interspinous L attach
Adjoining spinous processes
What does the intertransverse L attach
Adjoining transverse processes
What does the rotatores braves and longi do bilatertally and unilaterally?
bilaterally - extends the thoracic spine
Unilaterally - rotates the TS to the opposite side
What does the multifidus M. Do bilaterally and unilaterally
Bilaterally - extends the spine
Unilaterally - flexes spine to same side. Rotates to opposite side
What does the semispinalis M do bilaterally and unilaterally
Bi - extends T and C spines and head
Uni - bends head, C, and T spines to same side
Rotates all to opposite side
Define coupled motion
Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis with another motion about or along a second axis
Define linkage
Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures
Excessive motion or restriction is in reference to what
The vertebra above in a functional vertebra unit
Define Type 1 Mechanics
In the neutral range, side bending and rotation are couples in opposite directions
This tends to be in a group of vertebra
Define Type 2 mechanics
In flexion or extension, side bending and rotation are in the same direction
This tends to be a single vertebra
Define the Fryette Third Principle
Initiating Movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion
Type 1 And Type 2 SD’s are only applicable for what parts of the spine
T and L
A Cobb angle means what in-terms of treatment for the following degrees
<25
25 - 45
>45
<25 - monitor with xrays
25 - 45 - bracing
>45 - surgical fusion
What does the straight leg raise test indicate
Pain at 15 - 30 means lumbar dis etiology
Define spina bifida occulta
Failure of the neural tube to close without herniation
Define meningocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges through the defect
Define myelomenginocele
Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and SC through the defect
