Thoracic & Lumbar Spinal Mechanics

Question 1

The cervical region has what type of bend

What about thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Answer 1

C - Lordosis
T - Kyphosis
L - Lordosis
S - Kyphosis

Question 2

What is the vertebral unit

Answer 2

Two adjacent vertebrae and the associated IVD

Question 3

T 1 - 3 spinous process is located where

Answer 3

At the level of the corresponding transverse process

Question 4

T 4 - 6 spinous process is located where

Answer 4

1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process

Question 5

T 7 - 10 spinous process is located where

Answer 5

At the level of the transverse process one vertebra below

Question 6

T11 spinous process is located where

Answer 6

1/2 a segment below the corresponding transverse process

Question 7

T12 spinous process is located where

Answer 7

At the level of T12 transverse process

Question 8

What are the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar superior facet orientation

Answer 8

C - backwards, upwards, medial (BUM)

T - backwards, upwards, lateral (BUL)

L - backwards, medial (BM)

Question 9

What does the ligamentum flava connect

Answer 9

The laminae of adjacent vertebra

Question 10

What does the interspinous L attach

Answer 10

Adjoining spinous processes

Question 11

What does the intertransverse L attach

Answer 11

Adjoining transverse processes

Question 12

What does the rotatores braves and longi do bilatertally and unilaterally?

Answer 12

bilaterally - extends the thoracic spine

Unilaterally - rotates the TS to the opposite side

Question 13

What does the multifidus M. Do bilaterally and unilaterally

Answer 13

Bilaterally - extends the spine

Unilaterally - flexes spine to same side. Rotates to opposite side

Question 14

What does the semispinalis M do bilaterally and unilaterally

Answer 14

Bi - extends T and C spines and head

Uni - bends head, C, and T spines to same side

Rotates all to opposite side

Question 15

Define coupled motion

Answer 15

Consistent association of a motion along or about one axis with another motion about or along a second axis

Question 16

Define linkage

Answer 16

Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures

Question 17

Excessive motion or restriction is in reference to what

Answer 17

The vertebra above in a functional vertebra unit

Question 18

Define Type 1 Mechanics

Answer 18

In the neutral range, side bending and rotation are couples in opposite directions

This tends to be in a group of vertebra

Question 19

Define Type 2 mechanics

Answer 19

In flexion or extension, side bending and rotation are in the same direction

This tends to be a single vertebra

Question 20

Define the Fryette Third Principle

Answer 20

Initiating Movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion

Question 21

Type 1 And Type 2 SD’s are only applicable for what parts of the spine

Answer 21

T and L

Question 22

A Cobb angle means what in-terms of treatment for the following degrees

<25
25 - 45
>45

Answer 22

<25 - monitor with xrays
25 - 45 - bracing
>45 - surgical fusion

Question 23

What does the straight leg raise test indicate

Answer 23

Pain at 15 - 30 means lumbar dis etiology

Question 24

Define spina bifida occulta

Answer 24

Failure of the neural tube to close without herniation

Question 25

Define meningocele

Answer 25

Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusions of the meninges through the defect

Question 26

Define myelomenginocele

Answer 26

Failure of the neural tube to close with protrusion of the meninges and SC through the defect