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Thoracic Cavity Practice Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Define the thorax anatomically
A
  1. Region of the trunk between the neck and abdomen. Anteriorly bounded by the thoracic wall, externally bounded by the rib cage.
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2
Q
  1. What are the contents of the thorax important for this class?
A
  1. Heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea/bronchi, thymus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, lymphatic duct, lymph nodes, great vessels
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3
Q
  1. What are the divisions of the thorax?
A
  1. 2 pulmonary cavities containing lungs and pleural cavities, and mediastinum containing heart and aorta
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4
Q
  1. What muscle separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
A
  1. Diaphragm
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5
Q
  1. What are the cavities that make up the dorsal cavity?
A
  1. Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
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6
Q
  1. What are the serous membranes?
A
  1. Meninges, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
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7
Q
  1. What is a serious membrane?
A
  1. Double layered membranes that produce serous fluid lubrication
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8
Q
  1. What are the two openings of the thoracic cavity called?
A
  1. Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) and inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)
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9
Q
  1. What is the anterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A
  1. Sternal manubrium and costal cartilages of 1st ribs
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10
Q
  1. What is the posterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A

T1

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11
Q
  1. What is the lateral boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A
  1. 1st ribs
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12
Q
  1. What is the anterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
  1. Xiphisternal joint and costal margins 7-10
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13
Q
  1. What is the posterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A

T12

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14
Q
  1. What is the lateral boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
  1. 12th ribs
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15
Q
  1. What does the thoracic inlet transmit?
A
  1. Trachea, esophagus, aortic arch, superior vena cava, nerves/vessels to/from neck
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16
Q
  1. What does the thoracic outlet transmit?
A
  1. Diaphragm, esophagus, aorta, inferior vena cava, nerves/vessels to/from abdomen
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17
Q
  1. What is the anterior to posterior diameter of the thoracic inlet? Transverse?
A
  1. 5cm, 10cm
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18
Q
  1. What is the joint between manubrium and body of the sternum?
A
  1. Manubriosternal joint AKA sternal joint AKA Angle of Louis.
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19
Q
  1. What rib level is the sternal angle at?
A
  1. Rib 2
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20
Q
  1. What are the three main parts of the sternum?
A
  1. Manubrium, body, xiphoid
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21
Q
  1. What rides along the costal grooves of a rib?
A
  1. The neurovascular bundle- Costal vein, artery, and nerve
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22
Q
  1. Does the head of a rib attach to costal cartilage or a vertebrate?
A
  1. Vertebrate
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23
Q
  1. Know what a demi-facet means, at approximately 9min in the 2nd thoracic cavity video
A
  1. Go watch the video
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24
Q
  1. What are the levels of true ribs? False? Floating?
A
  1. 1-7, 8-12, 11-12
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25
Q
  1. Why are they called false ribs?
A
  1. Ribs 8-10 form one piece of cartilage attaching to the sternum
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26
Q
  1. Why are they called floating ribs?
A
  1. Ribs 11 and 12 aren’t quite attached to anything on the anterior side and “float”
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27
Q
  1. What are the three main parts of the manubrium? Where is each one of them?
A
  1. Suprasternal notch superomedial, aka jugular notch. Sternal angle at the 2nd rib. Clavicular notch at the superolateral edges for your clavicle.
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28
Q
  1. Name all the thorax joints (7).
A
  1. Manubriosternal, xiphisternal, sternocostal, costochondral, costovertebral, costotransverse, interchondral
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29
Q
  1. At what level vertebrae does a straight line from anterior to posterior from the sternal angle land?
A
  1. Between T4-T5. This is a symphysis
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30
Q
  1. What is the above line referred to as?
A
  1. Transthoracic plane
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31
Q
  1. The xiphisternal joint is ________.
A
  1. Synchondrosis
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32
Q
  1. The sternocostal joint is _______ for rib 1 and _______ for ribs 2-7.
A
  1. Synchondrosis, synovial
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33
Q
  1. What type of joint is the costochondral joint and what does it unite?
A
  1. Synchondrosis, sternal end of rib with costal cartilage
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34
Q
  1. What type of joint is the costovertebral joint and what does it unite?
A
  1. Synovial, head of rib with demifacets
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35
Q
  1. What type of joint is the costotransverse joint and what does it unite?
A
  1. Synovial, tubercle of rib with vertebral transverse process
36
Q
  1. What does the interchondral joint unite?
A
  1. Ribs 6 and 7, 7 and 8, 8 and 9, 9 and 10
37
Q
  1. What does the RATPLAT stand for?
A
  1. Rib 2, Aortic arch, Trachea bifurcation, Pulmonary artery bifurcation, Left recurrent laryngeal neve, Ligamentum Arteriosum, Azygous vein, Thoracic duct
38
Q
  1. What space lies between the pectoralis major/minor and the mammary?
A
  1. Retromammory space (bursa)
39
Q
  1. What connects a breast to the overlying dermis? What are both names of this?
A
  1. Suspensory ligaments, Ligaments of Cooper
40
Q
  1. What do lactiferous ducts do?
A
  1. Drain glands to nipple
41
Q
  1. What are mammary glands?
A
  1. Grandular lobules in tissue over deep pectoral fascia
42
Q
  1. What quadrant are most breast cancers found?
A
  1. Upper outer
43
Q
  1. What is the axillary tail?
A
  1. Area where breast meets armpit, area high with lymphatic tissue. Cancers can develop here too
44
Q
  1. Trace the medial mammary artery
A
  1. Subclavian a internal thoracic a (internal mammary a) medial mammary a
45
Q
  1. Trace the lateral mammary artery
A
  1. Axillary a  lateral thoracic a  lateral mammary aa
46
Q
  1. What are the muscles between the ribs called? What are the three layers?
A
  1. Intercostal muscles. External, internal, and innermost
47
Q
  1. Which way do the innermost intercostals run?
A
  1. Superomedially (IN to the chIN)
48
Q
  1. Which way do the external intercostals run?
A
  1. inferomedially
49
Q
  1. Which way do the internal intercostals run?
A
  1. Superomedially
50
Q
  1. Where do the external intercostals run?
A
  1. TP to mammary line
51
Q
  1. What anchors external intercostals to?
A
  1. External intercostal membrane
52
Q
  1. Where do the internal intercostals run?
A
  1. Sternum to scapular line
53
Q
  1. Where do the innermost intercostals run?
A
  1. Mammary line to scapular line
54
Q
  1. Give two examples of innermost intercostals
A
  1. Subcostals and transverse thoracis
55
Q
  1. Where are the subcostals located?
A
  1. On the posterior along vertebral column, spanning 2+ ribs
56
Q
  1. Where are the transverse thoracis located?
A
  1. Anterior thorax, spanning 2+ ribs
57
Q
  1. Trace from superficial to deep to the lung. Also be able to go the opposite way
A
  1. Skin, superficial fascia, external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, endothoracic fascia, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung
58
Q
  1. Where is the neurovascular bundle located?
A
  1. Between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal
59
Q
  1. What thoracic arteries directly originate from the aorta?
A
  1. Posterior intercostal aa, subcostal aa
60
Q
  1. What thoracic artery originates from the subclavian? What arteries branch from it?
A
  1. Internal thoracic aa  pericardiophrenic aa, upper anterior intercostal aa, musculophrenic aa
61
Q
  1. What artery does the lower anterior intercostal aa branch from?
A
  1. Musculophrenic aa
62
Q
  1. Posterior veins drain into what?
A
  1. Azygous system and brachiocephalic vv
63
Q
  1. At what level is the caval opening?
64
Q
  1. At what level is the esophageal hiatus?
65
Q
  1. At what level is the aortic hiatus?
66
Q
  1. What nerve controls the diaphragm?
A

Phrenic nerve

67
Q
  1. What spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?
68
Q
  1. What nerves are for afferent innervation of the diaphragm?
A
  1. Phrenic and lower intercostal nn
69
Q
  1. Trace the internal thoracic aa/vv blood supply for the diaphragm
A
  1. Internal thoracic  pericardiophrenic and (musculophrenic lower anterior intercostal)
70
Q
  1. Trace the descending aorta blood supply for the diaphragm
A
  1. Descending aorta  Lower intercostal aa and superior phrenic aa
71
Q
  1. Trace the azygous system blood supply for the diaphragm
A
  1. Azygous  lower intercostal vv and R superior phrenic
72
Q
  1. Is inhalation active or passive? Is it contraction or relaxation of the diaphragm?
A
  1. Active, contraction
73
Q
  1. Is exhalation active or passive?
74
Q
  1. The parietal and visceral pluera are stuck together with a thin fluid. What does this allow?
A
  1. Allows coordination of movement and lubrication. As the diaphragm pulls down, it pulls the pleura and increases lung volume (decreasing pressure and allowing air in).
75
Q
  1. Name the 9 major accessory muscles for inspiration
A
  1. External intercostals, scalenes, SCM, levatores costarum, serratus posterior superior, serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
76
Q
  1. Name the 9 major accessory muscles for expiration
A
  1. Internal intercostals, innermost intercostals, subcostals, transverse thoracis, rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominus, serratus posterior inferior
77
Q
  1. The parietal pleura has four parts. What are they?
A
  1. Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical
78
Q
  1. How many lobes does the right lung have? Left
79
Q
  1. How many bronchopulmonary segments does the right lung have? Left?
80
Q
  1. How many segmental bronchi does the right lung have? Left?
81
Q
  1. How many fissures (+ names) does the right lung have? Left?
A

2; oblique and horizontal. 1; olbique

82
Q
  1. Trace the bronchi path to the alveoli
A
  1. Primary bronchus  secondary bronchus  tertiary bronchi  bronchioles  terminal bronchioles  respiratory bronchioles  alveolar duct  alveoli
83
Q
  1. What impressions are in the right lung? Left?
A
  1. Trachea, cardiac impression, esophagus. Aortic arch/descending aorta, trachea, cardiac impression
84
Q
  1. In the right lung, the pulmonary artery is ______ to the bronchi.
85
Q
  1. In the left lung, the pulmonary artery is ______ to the bronchi.

Anatomy (12 decks)

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