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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Squamous
Description:
Function:
Location:

A

Description: single layer of flattened cells with a disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm
Function: allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important, also secretes lubricant
Locations: kidney glomeruli, air sacs of lungs, capillaries, linings of heart and lymphatic system

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2
Q

Simple Cuboidal
Description:
Function:
Locations:

A

Description: single layer of cube-like cells with large spherical centrally located nuclei
Functions: secretion and absorption
Locations: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of glands, ovary surfaces

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3
Q

Simple Columnar
Description:
Function:
Location:

A

Description: single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bar cilia; may contain goblet cells that produce mucus
Function: absorption; secretion of mucus and enzymes; cilia propel substances
Location: non-ciliated type lines digestive tract, gallbladder, and ducts from glands; ciliated type lines small bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus

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4
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar
Description:
Function:
Location:

A

Description: single layer of cells of differing heights so that nuclei are at differing levels; may contain goblet cells and bear cilia. All cells contact the basement membrane but not the free surface (only the tallest of cells). Nuclei are at different levels during the false appearance
Function: secretion, propulsion by ciliary action
Location: non-ciliated type lines male reproductive ducts; ciliated type lines much of respiratory tract

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5
Q

Stratified Squamous
Description:
Function:
Location:

A

thick layers of flattened cells; often keratinized layer and a mitotic layer
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: non-keratinized type lines the mouth and vagina; keratinized type forms the epidermic of skin

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6
Q

Transitional Epithelium
Description:
Function:
Location:

A

Description: resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal. Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar; surface cells are dome shaped
Function: stretches readily and permits distension
Location: lines uterus, bladder, and urethra

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7
Q

What are endocrine glands?

A

“ductless” glands that produce hormones

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8
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

gland possessing ducts

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9
Q

What are merocrine glands?

A

secrete products by exocytosis, pancreas and sweat glands

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10
Q

What are holocrine glands?

A

accumulate products until the cell ruptures. Sebaceous “oil” glands

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11
Q

What does ligament connect?

A

tissue that connects bone to bone

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12
Q

An injury to the a ligament is ____.

A

sprain

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13
Q

An injury to a tendon is a ____.

A

strain

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14
Q

All connective tissue is derived from ____.

A

Mesenchyme

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15
Q

What are the types of mature connective tissue?

A
  • Loose
  • Dense
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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16
Q

What is ground substance?

A

unstructured material that fills the space between cells and contains the fibers

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17
Q

Mesenchymal cells differentiate into ____.

A

blast cells

18
Q

What are blast cells?

A

active cells that secrete both fibers and ground substance (matrix)

19
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

immature baby cells that differentiate into fibrocytes, which are connective tissue fibers

20
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

immature baby cells that differentiate into chondrocytes, which make cartilage

21
Q

What are hemocytoblasts?

A

cells that differentiate hemocyte which are blood cells

22
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

cells that differentiate into osteocytes which are bone

23
Q

What is the most widely distributed connective tissue in the body?

A

areolar

24
Q

What does areolar do?

A

surrounds blood vessels and tissues, binds skin to underlying structures, and acts as a cushion

25
Q

What does adipose do?

A

storage of triglycerides, insulator, reduces heat loss through skin, energy reserve, around kidneys, omentum and behind eyeballs

26
Q

What is reticular tissue?

A

made of reticular fibers; forms stroma in spleen, lymph nodes, bone barrow, supports white blood cells, binds smooth muscle together

27
Q

What is dense regular tissue?

A

makes up tendons and ligaments, high tensile strength

28
Q

What are types of dense regular tissue?

A

tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments

29
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

a flat tendon (muscles to other muscles/bone)

30
Q

What does cartilage do?

A

endure great stress; contains dense network of collagen and elastic fibers, avascular, no nerves

31
Q

What is hyaline cartilgae?

A

found on the ends of long bones and end of nose, trachea, bronchi, ends of ribs, flexibility, movement of joints, support

32
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

hyaline

33
Q

What/where is fibrocartilage?

A

chondrocytes scattered among collagen; public bones, intervertebral discs, menisci of the knee, support and fusion, absorb shock

34
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

similar to hyaline cartilage, more elastic fibers present; pinna of ear, epiglottis, vocal cords, walls of artery

35
Q

What does bone do?

A

support, protection, storage, blood forming tissues, well vascularized, calcified matrix with many collagen fibers

36
Q

What is compact bone?

A

(osteon) external layer or lamellar bone, makes up majority of all long bones, protection and strength

37
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

long slender and multinucleated; many mitochondria

38
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle

A

central nucleus, not striated,

39
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle

A

striated; contains intercalated discs, autorhythmicity, involuntary control

40
Q

What does nervous tissue do?

A

generate and conduct nerve impulses, brain, spinal cord and nerves

41
Q

What does blood tissue do?

A

transport gas nutrients and waste; soluble proteins in plasma will clot blood and form visible fibers

Anatomy (12 decks)

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