Thoracic cage

Question 1

Thoracic Cage Structure

Answer 1

Structure: Conical, bony framework formed by the sternum, 12 ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. The diaphragm separates it from the abdomen.
Ribs:1–7: Attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.
8–10: Attach to cartilage of the rib above.
11–12: Floating ribs with palpable tips.
Costochondral Junctions: Non-palpable rib-cartilage connections.

Question 2

Anterior Landmarking

Answer 2

Suprasternal Notch: U-shaped depression above sternum, between clavicles.
Sternum:
Parts: Manubrium, body, xiphoid process.
Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis):
Junction of manubrium and body.
Continuous with the 2nd rib and intercostal space.
Site of tracheal bifurcation and heart’s upper atrial border.
Costal Angle: Junction of costal margins at xiphoid; ≤90° in healthy individuals.

Question 3

Posterior Landmarkings

Answer 3

Vertebra Prominens: Most prominent bony bump at neck’s base (C7 or T1).
Spinous Processes:
Align with same-numbered ribs down to T4.
Below T4, they angle downward and overlap lower ribs.
Inferior Border of Scapula: At 7th–8th rib level.
Twelfth Rib: Palpable at the back, midway between the spine and side.
These landmarks aid in assessing thoracic and respiratory anatomy effectively.