Breasts and lymphatic system

Question 1

General Function of Breasts

Answer 1

In females, breasts (mammary glands) are accessory reproductive organs responsible for producing milk.

Question 2

Surface Anatomy

Answer 2

Location: Anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles, spanning the second to sixth ribs, from the sternum to the midaxillary line.
Axillary Tail of Spence: A projection of breast tissue into the axilla, important for lymphatic drainage.
Lymphatic Drainage: Over 75% drains into ipsilateral axillary nodes, categorized as:
Central nodes: Receive lymph from other axillary nodes.
Pectoral (anterior): Near the pectoralis major muscle.
Subscapular (posterior): Along the scapula.
Lateral: Along the humerus.
Additional drainage pathways include infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes.

Question 3

Internal Anatomy

Answer 3

Glandular Tissue:
Contains 15–20 lobes, each with lobules of alveoli that produce milk.
Milk is carried through lactiferous ducts to the nipple, with reservoirs (ampullae) behind the nipple for storage.
Fibrous Tissue:
Includes Cooper’s ligaments, which provide structural support. These may contract in breast cancer, causing skin dimpling.
Adipose Tissue:
Subcutaneous and retromammary fat form most of the breast’s bulk, with proportions varying by age, hormonal state, and nutritional factors.