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!Clinical Skills > Thoracic auscultation > Flashcards

Thoracic auscultation Flashcards

1
Q

Head of the stethoscope

A

Diaphragm: drum (larger side)
Bell: low frequency (small)

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2
Q

Cardiac auscultation for a dog

A

PAM 345 (left)
Tricuspid on right

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3
Q

What is the loudest part of the heart

A

Point of maximum intensity

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4
Q

Cardiac auscultation on cats

A

Sternum: right and left parasternal, then sternal
Base then apex

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5
Q

S1 heart sounds

A

Closure of AV valves (lub)
Mitral and tricuspid sounds

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6
Q

S2 heart sounds

A

Closure of the semilunar valves (dub)
Aortic/ pulmonic valves

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7
Q

Split S1

A

Normal in some large/ giant breed dogs
Delayed closure of tricuspid or mitral valve (rare)
Lub, lub, dub

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8
Q

What causes split S1 sounds?

A

Abnormal ventricular conduction
Ectopic beats, BBB’s, cardiac pacing

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9
Q

Split S2 sounds

A

Physiologic: due to respiration
Delayed closure of the pulmonic valve
Lub-da-dub

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10
Q

What causes split S2 sounds?

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Abnormal ventricular condition (VPC’s, left BBB)
Pulmonary hypertension

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11
Q

S3 heart sounds

A

Early diastole (rapid filling)
S3 gallop or ventricular gallop
Lub-dub-dub

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12
Q

What causes S3 heart sounds?

A

Volume overload or decreased viscosity
Ventricular dilation with myocardial failure in dogs
DCM, anemia in cats

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13
Q

S4 heart sounds

A

Late diastole (atrial contraction)
S4 gallop, atrial gallop
Normal in giant breeds
Dub-lub-dub

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14
Q

What causes S4 heart sounds

A

HCM, SAS, third degree AV block

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15
Q

Grading murmurs

A

1: very soft, heard in quiet room
2: soft, easily heard
3: moderate- intensity
4: loud without palpable thrill
5: loud murmur with palpable thrill
6: very loud with palpable thrill, and heard with steth off chest wall

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16
Q

Description of murmurs

A

Grade (1-6)
Localized PMI (left or right / sternal)
Phase (diastole, systolic or both)
Direction (facial, radiate to base, or apex)

17
Q

Types of murmurs

A

Early, late or mid
Holosytolic: lub-shhhhh- dub
Pansytolic: shhhh-dub
Diastolic: shhh-lub-dub

18
Q

Systolic regurgitation

A

Holosystolic/ regurgitant or pansystolic
Mitral insufficiency, tricuspid insufficiency

19
Q

Systolic ejection

A

Holosystolic/ ejection
Between S1 and S2
Pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis
VSD loudest on right

20
Q

Diastolic regurgitation

A

Decrescendo/ insufficiency
Low pitch with decrease in intensity towards ejection
Aortic insufficiency

21
Q

Continuous murmur

A

Systolic and diastolic
Washing machine / schwee-schwoo
Associated with PDA

!Clinical Skills (6 decks)

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