K9 vaccines

Question 1

Core vaccines for dogs

Answer 1

K9 distemper, adenovirus type 2, parvo, rabies

Question 2

Non-core vaccines for dogs

Answer 2

K9 influenza, leptospirosis, Bordetella, Lyme and western diamond rattlesnake toxoid

Question 3

How would you formulate a plan for dogs with unknown immune status/ vx history

Answer 3

Evaluate their age before protocol (teeth)
> 6m 2 vx first due to disappearance of maternal Abs

Question 4

Reasons for vaccination failures

Answer 4

Failure of patient to mount an adequate immune response
Exposure to infection before fully vaccinated
Interference of maternal Abs
Improper storage/handling on vx
Waning immunity
Vaccine manufacturer errors

Question 5

Where do you report Vx failures

Answer 5

USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics

Question 6

Leptospirosis, core or non-core?

Answer 6

Some say it should’ve been a core vx because of the increasing geological prevalence while other think it should be up to the vet

Question 7

What species does K9 distemper infect?

Answer 7

Domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, ferrets, skunks and raccoons

Question 8

Minimum age of distemper and parvo vaccination

Answer 8

6 weeks

Question 9

Minimum age for leptospirosis vx

Answer 9

12 weeks

Question 10

What is the interval of revaccination for puppies (booster)

Answer 10

Within a year

Question 11

T/F: attenuated vaccine provide long duration of immunity

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: Inactivated vaccines shed virus transiently after vaccinations

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T/F: recombinant vaccines prevent both infection and disease of the virus

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

What is the best vx protocol fro distemper, parvo, adeno for dogs under 6w of age

Answer 14

They need at least 3 doses of a combination vx between 6 and 16 w
2-4 w apart

Question 15

Wild animals that pose a risk of rabies infection to humans

Answer 15

Raccoon → skunk → bats

Question 16

What types of dogs have a high risk of lepto?

Answer 16

Small breed dogs of any age (exposure to wildlife reservoirs like rats)
Exposure to water
Spendings time outdoors, in kennels or dog daycares

Question 17

How is lyme transmitted

Answer 17

Bite of ixodid ticks

Question 18

Intra-nasal, oral and parental routes of administration for bordetella infection

Answer 18

IN is preferable to respiratory pathogens (more effective than oral in stimulating responses in the resp. tract) →
IN + injectable= more benefit than them being used alone
Injectable BB used if IN can’t be used

Question 19

Guideline recommended routine vx against influenza

Answer 19

Don’t recommend routine vx because the infections are multi-centric and no outbreaks
Could avoid skewing responses to one serotype

Question 20

Rattlesnake toxoid vaccines

Answer 20

There isn’t published data on the efficacy of the venom toxoid in dogs but there’s been prevalence of anaphylaxis in dogs

Question 21

Puppies @ a shelter v. at home

Answer 21

Shelters: 4w or older should receive vx at or before shelter entry and receive boosters 2-3w apart until they reach 18-20w
They’re started at a younger age, have shorter intervals between vx and end at an older age

Question 22

How are titers used in vet med?

Answer 22

Asses the animal’s immune response to specific diseases and helps determine the need for boosters and the immunity status of the patient

Question 23

What is the most common reason of vx failure in puppies

Answer 23

Failed to complete primary vx schedules, vaccine storage and admin errors

Question 24

For those with high risks of vx reactions, what would be the best plan for vx?

Answer 24

Reduce the number of vx administered at a single office visit and administering them nonparenterally

Question 25

Diphenhydramine as a pretreatment

Answer 25

No recommended if the risk is hypothetical because you cannot assume it worked/ prevented the reaction

Question 26

How should vaccines be stored until use?

Answer 26

Temperature controlled environment (cold chain)