K9 vaccines Flashcards
Core vaccines for dogs
K9 distemper, adenovirus type 2, parvo, rabies
Non-core vaccines for dogs
K9 influenza, leptospirosis, Bordetella, Lyme and western diamond rattlesnake toxoid
How would you formulate a plan for dogs with unknown immune status/ vx history
Evaluate their age before protocol (teeth)
> 6m 2 vx first due to disappearance of maternal Abs
Reasons for vaccination failures
Failure of patient to mount an adequate immune response
Exposure to infection before fully vaccinated
Interference of maternal Abs
Improper storage/handling on vx
Waning immunity
Vaccine manufacturer errors
Where do you report Vx failures
USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics
Leptospirosis, core or non-core?
Some say it should’ve been a core vx because of the increasing geological prevalence while other think it should be up to the vet
What species does K9 distemper infect?
Domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, ferrets, skunks and raccoons
Minimum age of distemper and parvo vaccination
6 weeks
Minimum age for leptospirosis vx
12 weeks
What is the interval of revaccination for puppies (booster)
Within a year
T/F: attenuated vaccine provide long duration of immunity
True
T/F: Inactivated vaccines shed virus transiently after vaccinations
False
T/F: recombinant vaccines prevent both infection and disease of the virus
TRUE
What is the best vx protocol fro distemper, parvo, adeno for dogs under 6w of age
They need at least 3 doses of a combination vx between 6 and 16 w
2-4 w apart
Wild animals that pose a risk of rabies infection to humans
Raccoon → skunk → bats
What types of dogs have a high risk of lepto?
Small breed dogs of any age (exposure to wildlife reservoirs like rats)
Exposure to water
Spendings time outdoors, in kennels or dog daycares
How is lyme transmitted
Bite of ixodid ticks
Intra-nasal, oral and parental routes of administration for bordetella infection
IN is preferable to respiratory pathogens (more effective than oral in stimulating responses in the resp. tract) →
IN + injectable= more benefit than them being used alone
Injectable BB used if IN can’t be used
Guideline recommended routine vx against influenza
Don’t recommend routine vx because the infections are multi-centric and no outbreaks
Could avoid skewing responses to one serotype
Rattlesnake toxoid vaccines
There isn’t published data on the efficacy of the venom toxoid in dogs but there’s been prevalence of anaphylaxis in dogs
Puppies @ a shelter v. at home
Shelters: 4w or older should receive vx at or before shelter entry and receive boosters 2-3w apart until they reach 18-20w
They’re started at a younger age, have shorter intervals between vx and end at an older age
How are titers used in vet med?
Asses the animal’s immune response to specific diseases and helps determine the need for boosters and the immunity status of the patient
What is the most common reason of vx failure in puppies
Failed to complete primary vx schedules, vaccine storage and admin errors
For those with high risks of vx reactions, what would be the best plan for vx?
Reduce the number of vx administered at a single office visit and administering them nonparenterally
