Hospital infection, prevention, control and biosecurity

Question 1

Infection prevention and control

Answer 1

Prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings
Limits the impact of the intro of pathogens into a pop

Question 2

Hospital associated infections

Answer 2

1/31 hospital patients
1/43 nursing home

Question 3

Biosecurity

Answer 3

Measures used to prevent the entry of pathogens into a population

Question 4

Hierarchy of controls

Answer 4

1. Elimination
2. Engineering controls
3. Administrative controls
4. PPE: prevents pathogen exposure and spread

Question 5

Elimination

Answer 5

Removes/ prevents entry of pathogen (most effective)
Phone triage, health history and quarantine

Question 6

Engineering controls

Answer 6

Hospital design and setup to remove the opportunity for pathogen exposure at the source or improve compliance
Isolation, dedicated equip for infected animals, easily accessible resources, non-porous surfaces

Question 7

Administrative controls

Answer 7

Work policies and procedures that prevent pathogen exposure
Infection control polices and protocols, staff training, minimize # of people handling, signage, rabies vx

Question 8

PPE

Answer 8

Gloves, masks, eye protection, clothing protection, shoe/ boot covers, respirators

Question 9

Modes of transmission

Answer 9

Airborne, droplet, vector-borne, fecal oral, contact (direct and indirect- fomites)

Question 10

Contact precautions (isolation precautions)

Answer 10

Organisms spread via contact or fecal-oral transmission (salmonella, parvo, MRSP)
PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover

Question 11

Droplet precautions (isolation precautions)

Answer 11

Bordetella
PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover, mm protection (mask, goggles)

Question 12

Airborne precautions (isolation precautions)

Answer 12

PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover, mm protection (mask, goggles), respirator

Question 13

Which mode of transmission is most dangerous?

Answer 13

Airborne

Question 14

Which mode of transmission is most common?

Answer 14

Contact

Question 15

Which mode of transmission is most difficult to control

Answer 15

Vector-borne

Question 16

Hand hygiene

Answer 16

Cover all surfaces of hands and wrists
hand wash with soap and water (40-60 seconds)
alcohol- based hand rub (20-30sec)

Question 17

___________ is the #1 vehicle for transmission between patients in hospitals

Answer 17

Hand hygiene
transient bacteria pose transmission risk

Question 18

________ and ___________ makes hand more susceptible to colonizaiton with transient batceria

Answer 18

Dermatitis/ skin breakdown

Question 19

Alcohol-based hand rub

Answer 19

Preferred when hands not visibly soiled
Superior ability to kill microorgs on skin
Quick application
Minimize skin damage
Easily used at point of care

Question 20

Hand wash (soap and water)

Answer 20

Hands visibly soiled
Dealing with certain agents (bacterial spores- clostridium, cryptosporidium, non-enveloped viruses-parvo)

Question 21

Cleaning

Answer 21

Removal of foreign material (soil, organic material) before disinfection and sterilization
Detergent or surfactant (soap)
Removes 90% of germs

Question 22

Disinfection

Answer 22

Removes additional 6-7% of germs
Contact time

Question 23

Low level disinfection

Answer 23

Destroys vegetative bacteria, some fungi and viruses, not mycobacterial spores
Liquid contact

Question 24

Intermediate level disinfection

Answer 24

Destroys vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, most fungi and viruses, not spores
Liquid contact

Question 25

High-level disinfection

Answer 25

Destroys all microorgs except high #s of bacterial spores
Heat automated or liquid immersion

Question 26

Sterilization

Answer 26

Destroys all microorgs including bacterial spores
Steam (~40mns)
Dry heat (1-6 hrs depending on temp)

Question 27

Donning PPE (putting on)

Answer 27

1. Perform hand hygiene
2. Put on shoe covers
3. Put on gown
4. Put on mask/ respirator
5. Put on eye protection
6. Put on gloves

Question 28

Doffing (taking off)

Answer 28

1. Remove shoe covers
2. Remove gown and gloves together
3. Perform hand hygiene
4. Cap/ bouffant
5. Remove eye protection
6. Remove mask/ respirator
7. Perform hand hygiene