Hospital infection, prevention, control and biosecurity Flashcards
Infection prevention and control
Prevents or stops the spread of infections in healthcare settings
Limits the impact of the intro of pathogens into a pop
Hospital associated infections
1/31 hospital patients
1/43 nursing home
Biosecurity
Measures used to prevent the entry of pathogens into a population
Hierarchy of controls
- Elimination
- Engineering controls
- Administrative controls
- PPE: prevents pathogen exposure and spread
Elimination
Removes/ prevents entry of pathogen (most effective)
Phone triage, health history and quarantine
Engineering controls
Hospital design and setup to remove the opportunity for pathogen exposure at the source or improve compliance
Isolation, dedicated equip for infected animals, easily accessible resources, non-porous surfaces
Administrative controls
Work policies and procedures that prevent pathogen exposure
Infection control polices and protocols, staff training, minimize # of people handling, signage, rabies vx
PPE
Gloves, masks, eye protection, clothing protection, shoe/ boot covers, respirators
Modes of transmission
Airborne, droplet, vector-borne, fecal oral, contact (direct and indirect- fomites)
Contact precautions (isolation precautions)
Organisms spread via contact or fecal-oral transmission (salmonella, parvo, MRSP)
PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover
Droplet precautions (isolation precautions)
Bordetella
PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover, mm protection (mask, goggles)
Airborne precautions (isolation precautions)
PPE: gloves, protective outerwear, shoe cover, mm protection (mask, goggles), respirator
Which mode of transmission is most dangerous?
Airborne
Which mode of transmission is most common?
Contact
Which mode of transmission is most difficult to control
Vector-borne
Hand hygiene
Cover all surfaces of hands and wrists
hand wash with soap and water (40-60 seconds)
alcohol- based hand rub (20-30sec)
___________ is the #1 vehicle for transmission between patients in hospitals
Hand hygiene
transient bacteria pose transmission risk
________ and ___________ makes hand more susceptible to colonizaiton with transient batceria
Dermatitis/ skin breakdown
Alcohol-based hand rub
Preferred when hands not visibly soiled
Superior ability to kill microorgs on skin
Quick application
Minimize skin damage
Easily used at point of care
Hand wash (soap and water)
Hands visibly soiled
Dealing with certain agents (bacterial spores- clostridium, cryptosporidium, non-enveloped viruses-parvo)
Cleaning
Removal of foreign material (soil, organic material) before disinfection and sterilization
Detergent or surfactant (soap)
Removes 90% of germs
Disinfection
Removes additional 6-7% of germs
Contact time
Low level disinfection
Destroys vegetative bacteria, some fungi and viruses, not mycobacterial spores
Liquid contact
Intermediate level disinfection
Destroys vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria, most fungi and viruses, not spores
Liquid contact
