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!Clinical Skills > Antibacterial Drugs > Flashcards

Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Concentration dependent drugs concept

A

Efficacy will increase with increased concentration
Once a day dosing
Cmax: MIC ratio >8
Shows post antibiotic effect

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2
Q

Concentration dependent drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Nitromidazole

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3
Q

Time dependent drug concept

A

Degree above MIC irrelevant, time above important
Remains above MIC >50% over time
Multi-dosing

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4
Q

Time dependent drugs

A

Betalactams
Phenicols
Tetracyclines
Rifamycins
Macrolides
Sulfonamides

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5
Q

Bactericidal concept

A

Kills bacteria
MIC AND MBC the same
Good when immune system not working

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6
Q

Bactericidal drugs

A

Aminoglycosides
Beta-lactams
Nitroimidazole
Fluoroquinolones
Potentiated sulfonamides

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7
Q

Bacteriostatic concept

A

Inhibits bacterial growth
MIC AND MBC (higher dose for killing) different

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8
Q

Bacteriostatic drugs

A

Chloramphenicol
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Sulfonamides

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9
Q

Cmax

A

Maximum concentration of drug in a certain part of the body before admin of the 2nd dose

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10
Q

T 1/2

A

Time it takes for a drug to reduce to half of its initial value

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11
Q

AUC

A

Total area under the curve
How much drug reaches a person’s bloodstream in a given period of time after a dose is given

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12
Q

Drug synergy

A

An interaction between two or more drugs that causes the total effect of the drugs to be greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug.

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13
Q

Drug antagonism.

A

An interaction between two or more drugs that have opposite effects on the body.
May block or reduce the effectiveness of one or more of the drugs

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14
Q

Challenges with abx in the respiratory tract

A

Blind areas hard to clear (sinuses)
Bronchus-alveolar-blood barrier
Infection and inflammation (increased distance, inflamm proteins and mucus)
Nebulization options limited

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15
Q

Challenges of the GI tract

A

Collateral damage by tx (dysbiosis)
Restoring microbiome (nutritional support)
Profoundly sick (SIRS)
Biosecurity

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16
Q

Challenges with the renal system

A

Early recognition difficult
Alters pH (alter how drug behaves in urine)
Niduses (calculi sources of infection)
Biofilm (destroy or bind to drug)
Polyuria eliminated drug
Rise in MDR bacteria

17
Q

Intravenous

A

Best absorption
Critical patients need drugs to take effect ASAP
Challenging, highest cost

18
Q

Intramuscular or SQ

A

Good for depot peak plasma concentration, reaches within one hr
Surface area and vascular supply affects systemic availability and peak plasma
Less challenging

19
Q

Per os (PO)

A

Has to be absorbed (but not all will be)
Food can bind and reduce medication efficacy (caveat)
GI has to be working
Highest chance for dysbiosis
Least challenging, cheapest

20
Q

Aerosolized

A

RLP (region limb perfusion)
IA (intra- articular)
PR (per rectum)
IU (intra uterine)
Topical OS/OD/OU

21
Q

Why are the 5 Rs of stewardship

A

Reduction, refinement, replacement, responsibility of vet, review

22
Q

Refine

A

Refine the use of an abx agent base on: pathogen, pharmacokinetics, host factors

23
Q

Replacement

A

Clear infection without drugs:
Lavage area, incise area, tx underlying condition, supportive care

24
Q

How to tx wound infections

A

Good irrigation
NSAID (comfort)
Topical/ local abx: neomycin, bacitracin, silver sulfadiazine
Regional limb perfusion (large animals)

25
Q

What would you consider when giving abx to wounds?

A

How recent the wound appears to be
Degree of contamination
Location and depth of wound
Tx already performed

26
Q

Cystitis

A

E. Coli and Staph most common
Not all need tx (esp cats): could use analgesia and NSAIDs

27
Q

How would you tx cystitis

A

Initial analgesic (NSAIDs)
Anti microbial 3-4d later
Amoxicillin, cetiofur

28
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Empirical therapy needed: targets enterobacteriaceae
Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, pradifloxacin

29
Q

Pneumonia

A

Rec to wait until cx results come back
Empirical: doxy for Bronchiseptica or mycoplasma
Uncomplicated pneumonia: Azithromycin
Sepsis: enrofloxacin
G+ and anaerobic: ampicillinb clindamycin

30
Q

When don’t you need tx for pneumonia

A

Acutely affected or no evidence of systemic sepsis
or Parenteral admin of ampicillin or cephas

31
Q

Sinusitis

A

Acute sinusitis: lavage of sinuses via centesis
Secondary: should tx primary first

!Clinical Skills (6 decks)

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