Thoracic Flashcards
typical thoracic vertebra vetebral body
- heart shapped
- left part slightly flattened due to relation w thoracic aorta
typical thoracic vertebra pedicles
- sup vertebral notch absent
- inf vertebral notch deep
typical thoracic vertebra TP
directed lat and post
typical superior AP
- has an anterior non articular surface that slopes towards the sup vertebral notch
- has articular facet that is orientated post, lat and slightly sup
typical inferior AP
- has post non articular surface for muscle attachment
- has articular facet that is orientated post, lat and slightly sup
atypical vertebra
T1, 11, 12, 10, 9
t1 features
-widest thoracic vertebrae
VB- rectagular/ oval shape
TP- biggest and strongest
SP- longest/ almost horizontal
T12 features
-narrowest thpracic vertebrae
VB- more kidney shaped
TP- smallest TPs
Sup AP- has mammillary process on non articular part
Inf AP- has lumbar appearence, faces anterior and lat
SP- rectangular, almost horizontal
T11 features
VB- full costal facet for head of 11th rib
TP- relatively small
T10 features
VB- has a costal facet for the head of 10th rib that can either be full facet or semilunar shaped
TP- the transverse costal favet for the tubercle of the 10th rib may be absent
T9 vertebrae features
atypical only in the case when the head of the 10th rib articulates with the vertebral body t10 only
shape of intervertebral foramen
round
borders of intervertebral foramen
ant- posterolater part of the vertebral body + costovertebral joint
inf- sup vertebral notch
post- z joint
sup- inf vertebral notch
biomechanics of the thoracic spine
the most rotation
fair but limited by ribs lateral flexion
fair flex/extension
Scheuremanns disease
incomplete formation of the epiphyseal rims, mostly their anterior portion, leading to extreme kyphosis
Kummells fracture
- form of avascular necrosis
- A fracture that is post traumatic in nature beacuse it affects the blood supply of the posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal arteries
how many costal notches are there on the sternum
7 pairs of costal notches for the costal cartilages 1-7
what is the sternal angle
where manubrium joins body
what are the true, false and free ribs
true (1-7)
false (8-10)- attach to the vertebrea and ant. end attach to costal cartilage of rib number before
free (11, 12)
what are the typical ribs
3-9
3 features of head of rib
- superior facet
- inf facet
- crest
the crest serves for the attachment to the
annulus fibrosis
features of tubercle of rib
articular surface- serves for coastal joint
non articular surface- serves for muscle attachment
superior/ inf border of shaft of rib which is sharp, roun
sup- round
inf-sharp
what does the costal groove of rib protect
-intercostal neuronal vascular bundle
atypical vertebrea
1,2,11,12 and somtimes 10 if full costal favet for VB T10
features of 1st rib
- Head has only 1 facet (fully attaches to T1 vertebra
- Lacks costal groove
- No crest
features of 2nd rib
- Only rib when layed on table is flat
- has attachment for 2nd digit of serratus ant
Features of 11/12 rib
- fully attach to their corresponding vertebrea
- no neck/tubercle
sup thoracic appeture shape and border
- kidney shape
- T1 VB, Medial border of first ribs, Sup border of manubrium sternalis
Inf thoracic appeture borders
T12 VB, inf border of rib 10/11/12, costal cartilage 7-10
How do the upper 6 ribs move
- pump handle type movement
- increases sagital diameter (moves ant.)
how do ribs 7-12 move
- bucket handle type movement
- as we breathe lower ribs elevate sideways
