THOPPAY UNIT 9 Flashcards
Martin Luther King, Jr. 8.7
Martin Luther King Junior was the most prominent African American in the 1950’s and 60’s who employed tactics to achieve the goals of the Civil Rights movement. Such tactics involved court decisions (banned racial segregations at schools), year long boycotts (ended segregation on public transits), and massive marches (marched for jobs and freedom). The efforts done by Martin Luther King Junior paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1965.
LO 9: Although there were various reactions to existing power structures in the period after 1900 such as the rise of conflict, military interference, the use of violence, and the use of non-violent strategies, Martin Luther King Jr. resorted to a nonviolent approach as a manner to bring about social changes regarding the segregation of African Americans.
Nelson Mandela 8.7
Nelson Mandela led a black resistance movement against apartheid, being a socialist lawyer. Although he initially promoted sabotage and violence, he is known for conducting nonviolent ventures.
LO 9: Although there were various reactions to existing power structures in the period after 1900 such as the rise of conflict, military interference, the use of violence, and the use of non-violent strategies, Nelson Mandela resorted to a nonviolent approach as a manner to bring about social changes regarding the obstruction of apartheid in South Africa.
New modes of communication 9.1
New modes of communication began developing, starting with the introduction of the radio in the early 1900s, by which news, cultural events, and music were brought to a large number of people. Thereafter, physical modes of communication such as air travel and shipping containers emerged, thus promoting the wide movement of goods and people. Such physical modes of communication were enhanced by new energy technologies (nuclear power and oil), allowing for goods to be transported faster and cheaper. The internet became a popular new mode of communication amongst the majority of the public by the late 1990s.
LO 1: New modes of communication changed the world as it reduced the problem of geographic distance, interconnected people globally, and increased the efficiency + production of material goods.
Green Revolution 9.1
As a long-term response to the issue involving hunger, the Green Revolution emerged. This constituted the development of various rice and grain varieties that were more sustainable (resistant to pests and environmental issues). Initially, cross-breeding was conducted to derive such plant species, but scientists thereafter resorted to genetic engineering. This opened a realm of problems, where it was necessary for more pesticides/fertilizers to be used (unable for small farmers to afford such large quantities), the reduction of labor based jobs (Green Revolution promoted the use of mechanized equipment, the burning of forests + depletion of land, and the heavy applications of chemicals damaging the environment. Genetic engineering also proposes negative effects, with plant resistance to insects could cause a decline in the population of pollinating insects. Furthermore, old seed varieties are lost as a result of new engineered plants emerging.
LO 1: The Green Revolution changed the world as it presented chemically and genetically altered forms of agriculture, thus increasing productivity and sustainability in the Earth’s growing population.
Medical Innovations (include vaccines and antibiotics) 9.1
Medical innovations increase the survival and longevity of humans, as well as inspire the rise of new technologies. Such medical innovations include antibiotics (use of fungi to kill bacteria, proposing a useful agent to cure bacterial infections during Wars), reliable birth control (pill method reduced fertility rates), and vaccines (prevent deadly diseases).
LO1: Medical innovations promote the ability for humans to survive and live longer lives.
COVID-19 Pandemic 9.2
A global pandemic that resulted in thousands of deaths and safety measures such as social distancing and masks.
LO 2: Environmental factors led to the rise of the COVID 19 pandemic, thus affecting human populations over time as it resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths as well as economic instability at the start of the pandemic.
Diseases of poverty 9.2
Even with the presence of cures, some diseases exist due to the conditions of poverty such as poor housing/working conditions, contaminated water, and lack of healthcare access. Such diseases of poverty include malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, and polio.
LO 2: As a result of new epidemics and threats to human populations, diseases for poverty persist.
Diseases of longevity 9.2
Diseases of longevity only present themselves at later stages of one’s life, including heart disease and Alzheimer’s.
LO 2: As a result of improved healthcare and external features, the age demographic has significantly increased. Thus, due to this increased longevity, some diseases occurred at higher incidence.
Causes of environmental change 9.3
Interconnected factors result in changes to the environment, including population growth, urbanization, and globalization + industrialization.
LO 3: As a result of human activity involving globalization, economy, and other pursuits, environmental features have been compromised.
Economic Liberalization 9.4
Economic liberalization refers to opening up realms of control within a country’s economy with the loosening of government restrictions, allowing for greater participation by private entities.
LO 4: The global economy has shifted to economic liberalization where the government has limited control over the economy. This is a shift from the previous heavy levels of governmental economic control as observed by Fascist Italy or the Soviet Union.
Deng Xiaoping 9.4
Deng Xiaoping led economic liberalization in China as the Communist Party leader, straying away from economic equality and promoting economic growth. This involved the private ownership of land by peasants in replacement of communes (led to agricultural surpluses), the increase in factory products for consumers, the encouragement of foreign companies to set up factories in special Chinese economic zone, the private ownership of some businesses and the reopening of the Shanghai stock market.
LO 4: Deng Xiaoping enabled China to experience a moderate level of capitalism, a dramatic shift from the pure communist rule previously held, through the mode of economic liberalization.
Knowledge Economy 9.4
A knowledge economy creates, disperses, and employs knowledge and information to fuel the economy, evolving from the vast increase in information and communication technologies. Governments with such knowledge economies placed funding for sectors such as education, research, technological infrastructure, and innovation.
LO 4: Shifting from pure industrial ventures, numerous economies explore knowledge-based ventures due to improved communication and technologies.
World Trade Organization (include anti-WTO protests) 9.4, 9.7
The WTO governed the vast majority of international trade, thus opening room for controversy with its non-involvement with the public. Such anti-WTO protests (as observed through the “Battle fo Seattle” resisted globalization involved in the organization due to the presence of child labor and environmental damage as the protesters believed that the WTO did not care for their welfare.
LO 4: Shifting from purely regional or nationally held economic control, the World Trade Congration proposes a global control over trade affairs.
LO 7: Anti-globalization can be observed through anti-WTO.
Multinational Corporations 9.4
A multinational corporation is a company that is associated primarily with one country, but makes and sells goods in one or more other countries. Such multinationals corporations employ both knowledge based and traditional industrial economies, producing the greatest gains for free-market supporters. Examples of multinationals corporations include Mahindra & Mahindra and Nestlé.
LO 4: Shifting from corporations purely held within a singular nation or region, Multinational Corporations arose.
ASEAN 9.4
Association of Southeast Asian Nations promotes intergovernmental cooperation between Southeast Asian nations.
LO 4: The global economy shifted in a manner where trade agreements were made amongst Southeast Asian nations, known as ASEAN, to collaborate with the common goal of not turning to communism in China.
