THOPPAY UNIT 7 Flashcards
Mexican Revolution 7.1
As a result of the control of Porfirio Diaz, the Mexican dictator, the presence of foreign investors (particularly the US) was very high over Mexican natural resources. With the wealthy population controlling 97% of the land, typical Mexican peasants were harmless. DIaz jailed his opponent, Francisco Madero as he was running for president. This action along with Diaz’ strong armed policies, opposition to land distribution, and over accommodation for foreign policies resulted in the Mexican Revolution. With Madeo’s escape, he established his own troops under the leadership of Pancho Villa in aims to defeat the Mexican troops, thus resulting in the exile fo Diaz. Another revolutionary leader, Emiliano Zapata, began the process of redistributing land to peasants, thus appearing to communism. With the 2 million deaths, violence, and political instability between 1910-1920, this continued for another decade. In the course of 20 years, it resulted in Mexico’s adaptation of a new constitution in 1917, with the goals of public education, universal suffrage, and land redistribution. The second result of the two decades was the formation of the Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI formed in 1929. The PRI dominated Mexican politics despite it being widely ruled as corrupt, with all presidents being PRI members until 2000.
LO 1: As a result of political crisis and questioning of social and political order, this contributed to the Mexican Revolution.
Russian Revolution 7.1
Russia fell behind in power and wealth in comparison to most of Europe, the US, and Japan. This was due to the lack of promotion for industrialization/economic growth, the expansion of infrastructure, education, and recognition of civil liberties. Along with internal weakness, Russia displayed weakness in international affairs, observed through their loss in the Crimean War and the Russo-Japanese War. Thus, such motivations of weakness led to the rise of a working-class based organization, the Bolsheviks, under the rule of Vladimir Lenin, to seize Russia's power and set a communist government. They believed that collective ownership amongst the working class would lead to collective prosperity and a fair society. The Soviet government eventually abolished private trade, distributed the peasants' food, and took over ownership of the country's industrial practices.
LO 1: As a result of numerous internal and external factors, Russia collapsed. This high weakness in power led to the adoption of the Communist Revolution.
Causes of WWI 7.2
The immediate cause of WW1 was the assassination of Gavrilo Princip of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austro-Hungarian throne) and his wife as motive of eliminating Austro-Hungary from being a part of the Balkans. This led to the declaration of war against Austria and Serbia, with combined external powers increasing the impact of the war. Militarism encourages war and this war allowed military preparedness to be displayed. Imperialism led to militarism because mass production of weapons enabled military readiness. The formation of alliances also extended the war’s magnitude, fueled by previous quarrels between the countries. Imperialism led to the formation of alliances as rivalry was generated by imperialistic-led global dominance involving owning colonies in Africa and Asia. Nationalism from the assassination and its growth extended the Great War as well, leading to Imperialism and its other effects.
LO 2: WW1 was a result of competition for imperialistic expansion and resources from other countries. In addition, regional conflicts coupled with a flawed alliance system led to intense nationalism, which escalated tensions into global conflict.
Total War 7.3
Total war referred to the accommodation of all societal aspects into the war effort, where the entire nation’s domestic population coupled with the military were committed to winning the war. Propaganda was an important component of total war.
LO 3: The government used a variety of techniques to fuel the war, including political propaganda, art, media, and intensified nationalism (displayed through Uncle Sam in US)
Great Depression 7.4
As a result of Germany printing more money in efforts to pay off war debt, this action called inflation where the value in German money decreased drastically. The Great Depression ended the stability where agricultural overproductions and the US’s stock market crash in 1929 were two major causes of this economic downfall.
LO 4: As a response to the Great Depression, the US turned to the implementation of The New Deal whereas Germany along with others turned to the Fascist Corporatist Economy.
New Deal 7.4
As a mode to address the Great Depression in America, President Roosevelt developed the New Deal, which strived for relieving the citizens who were suffering as well as achieving recovery, and implementing reform in the governmental policies. This included public work projects, accounting for social security, and financial reforms.
LO 4: Franklin D Roosevelt imposed the New Deal as a manner to deal with the Great Depression.
Five Year Plans (Soviet Union) 7.4
Stalin obtained control over the Soviet Union (replaced Lenin as a dictator) and aimed to convert the USSR’s agriculture based economy to an industrialized economy (modeling industrialized western nations) through the Five Year Plans. The Five Year Plan’s two focal points were collectivization (loss of private land ownership) and heavy industry.
LO 4: As a response to economic crisis, the Soviet Union imposed the Five Year Plans, resulting in heavy social repercussions.
Fascist Corporatist Economy 7.4
Corporatism became one of the prime tenants of a fascist economy, with it entailing that all economic sectors can be independently organized but its efforts must solely contribute to the Fascist nation as a whole.
LO 4: As a result of economic crisis brought by Italy’s lack of obtaining land through the world wars, the nation turned to the Fascist Corporatist Economy to rebuild its economy with extreme governmental intervention.
Mandates 7.5
Mandates were colonies and territories from the Central Powers distributed amongst the Allied Powers. The mandate system enabled the Allied countries such as France, Great Britain, and Japan to increase their imperialist holdings, through this “virtual” control over land (the Arab lands were not sovereign states yet simply virtually distributed colonies between France and Britain). An example of the mandate system can be observed through the division of German-owned Cameroon for separate French and British mandates.
LO 5: A continuity displayed in territorial holdings was the desire for imperialistic control masked as a manner for the “advanced nations to aid” the colonized regions. A new change in the manner for such territorial holdings to occur was the introduction to the mandate system, with Western and Japanese powers having control over colonial holdings.
Causes of WWII 7.6
The causes of WWII include fascism, appeasement, the Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression, and imperialism. The direct cause for the second world war was Germany’s invasion of Poland.
LO 6: The causes of WWii constitute unresolved dispute with Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles involving appeasement, economic struggles from the Great Depression, and the aspire for imperialism fueling fascism. The consequences of WWII include 12 million people dying as a result of the Nazi party, the end of colonialism/imperialism, the fall of fascism, the rise of the Cold War, and the emergence of third world countries.
New Military Tech WWII 7.7
New forms of military technology were employed in WWII, including tanks, ships, planes, landing crafts, atomic bombs, guns, ammunition, fire-bombing, radar equipment, and the introduction of “total war.”
LO 7: Governments adopted the same new technology, with an emphasis on atomic bombs, fire-bombs, and total war. However, governments had different political ideologies that influenced war, with Germany and Italy resorting to fascism, Russia emphasizing communism, and the US + Great Britain employing democracy.
Holocaust 7.8
As a result of the “Final Solution” and Hitler’s motivations, the Nazis killed 6 million Jews in an act of genocide known as the Holocaust.
LO 8: The Holocaust was caused by Hitler’s promotion of anti-semitism by which Jews were blamed for all of the problems faced by Germany. This resulted in the rise of the extremist group known as the “Nazis” who facilitated the ethnic violence involving mass atrocities.
Ukrainian Genocide 7.8
Man-made famine in Ukraine was a direct result of rebelling against Stalin’s collectivization policies. Instead of giving up food for the USSR to collect, the Ukrainian farmers burned their own crops and killed livestock to restrain from collectivization. This led to the death of millions of peasants due to starvation.
LO 8: The enforcement ffo collectivization as part of the Soviet Union’s Five Year Plan led to massive famine and death in Ukraine.
