THOPPAY UNIT 6 Flashcards
Social Darwinism 6.1
Social Darwinists believed that the concept regarding “survival of the fittest” validated the spread of European powers, thus justifying imperialism and white supremacy.
LO 1: Social Darwinism enabled European justification for imperialism as it promoted the concept of the Europeans “civilizing” their colonies.
Belgian Congo 6.2
King Leopold’s terror in the Congo Free State (his personal colony) induced ruthless economic exploitation of labor amongst native Congolese, with brutal working conditions to harvest ivory and rubber. Belgium took over control of Congo as a regular colony, thus improving conditions under the “Belgian Congo.”
LO 2: State power shifted from the hands of an individual monarch to the country.
Berlin Conference 6.2
The Berlin Conference was a German-led peaceful meeting amongst European powers to organizedly divide Africa for colonization. With no Africans invited to the meeting, cultural borders were not present, thus dividing tight-knit societies into separate colonies and grouping rival groups in the same colony.
LO 2: Power heavily shifted to the Europeans, displayed through the increased power they had when blindly dividing Africa.
Settler colonies 6.2
A colony, such as Algeria, that attracted European immigrants. *
LO 2: Settler colonies allowed for nearby trading to occur, shifting more power to such colonies.
Suez Canal 6.2
The creation of a 100 mile long canal, coined the Suez Canal, saved a trip around the entire continent of Africa as it connected the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.
LO2: The shift in power to Europeans was efficiently displayed through the creation of the Suez Canal, as this feat required the corvee labor of 1.5 million Egyptians (worked as taxation rather than payment).
Boxer Rebellion 6.3
The Boxer rebellion involved secret militia organizations (Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists) who called themselves the “Boxers.” The Boxers killed numerous Europeans in China, leading to the validation of Britain to attempt to gain political control over China.
LO 3: The internal conflict regarding the Boxer Rebellion in China influenced British state-building of China as such internal movements weakened the state (opening realms for European control).
Creation of Zulu Kingdom 6.3
The Zulu Kingdom, located on the South African coast of the Indian ocean, was a well-organized and centralized state.
LO 3: External factors regarding fighting with the Europeans for Zulu control over their own kingdom eventually led to the fall of the Zulu Kingdom, with British takeover.
Indian Rebellion of 1857 6.3
As the British began using rifle cartilages lubricated with pig or cow lard, Hindus and Muslims were outraged from religious intent. This led to violent mutiny, known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857, ending with the British defeating them.
LO 3: Imperialism resistance in India influenced the process of British state-building as it led to the increase of Indian nationalism, thus leading to further movements.
Tupac Amaru II’s Rebellion in Peru 6.3
Tupac Amaru II was the descendant of the last Incan ruler, and he arrested a Spanish colonial officer for cruelty. This action led to indigenous revolt against Spanish rule that spread throughout Southern Peru and into Bolivia and Argentina. However. Tupac and his family were captured and taken to Cuzco (capital of Inca empire), where they were tortured and executed.
LO 3: Internal revolt against the Spanish resulted in Anti-Imperialist movements that still allowed Spanish rule to persist in the Americas.
Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement 6.3
The Xhosa Cattle Killing movement involved the native Xhosa killing their cattle as they believed that the cattle being sick indicated they must be killed (as well as crops destroyed) to eliminate British control.
LO 3: Although this led to famine and deaths of thousands of people, the British were lot driven from the lands.
Export Economy 6.4
Export economies involved the extraction of raw materials in a tropical colony with ideal conditions for manufacturing goods.
LO 4: The ideal climate and tropical conditions for the production of raw materials, such as plantation crops, facilitated the export economy.
Economic Imperialism 6.5
A situation in which foreign business interests have great economic power by taking advantage of natural resources beyond their borders.
LO 5: This economic factor led to global economy as it spread throughout Asia and Latin America.
Opium Wars 6.5
Internal and external conflicts triggered by China’s suppression against the British trade of opium (an addictive drug that posed numerous negative influences).
LO 5: The Opium Wars led to the global expansion of British and French influence in China.
Chinese and Indian Indentured Servitude 6.6
As an early substitute for the slave trade, they were forced/tricked into servitude, where Indian laborers migrated to the British Isle colonies in the Caribbean, South Africa, East Africa and Fiji. Chinese laborers migrated to California and the British Malaya. Such indentured servitude implied difficult and unjust treatment.
LO 6: With demographic changes such as the fall of slavery came the rise in Chinese and Indian indentured servitude.
Migrant Workers (include Japanese and Argentinians) 6.6
Numerous Japanese* migrated to Peru and America for work and education. British workers such as businessmen, traders, bankers, and engineers migrated to Argentina for appealing to the growing middle class.
LO 7: Increasing economic conditions such as the growing middle class led to free relocation in terms of migration.
