Thompson 2

Question 0

Glucokinase has a _____ Km. _____ Vmax.

Answer 0

High. High.

Question 1

Glucokinase is located in the _______.

Answer 1

Liver and beta cells.

Question 2

T or F. Phosphorylating metabolic intermediates helps trap shit inside cells.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

1-3 bpg turns into 2-3 bpg by what enzyme?

Answer 3

Mutase.

Question 4

What inhibits glucokinase?

Answer 4

G6P

Question 5

What activates/inhibites PFK1?

Answer 5

Activates: AMP, F26BP
Inhibits: ATP, citrate

Question 6

What activates/inhibits pyruvate kinase?

Answer 6

Activates: F16BP
Inhibits: (phosphorylation) cAMP, alanine

Question 7

Describe cAMP initiation starting from signal and ending with cAMP activity.

Answer 7

Hormone binds with receptor.
Alpha subunit binds with GTP, actives adenylyl cyclasE
Adenylyl cyclase converts atp to camp,
cAMP activates protein kinases

Question 8

Insulin opposes the _____ cascade. How?

Answer 8

insulin inhibits cAMP cascade. insulin binds receptor, receptor gets phosphorylated, which phosphorylates protein kinases with a variety of effects (reversal of glucagon stimulated phosphorylation)

Question 9

How is PFK1 regulated?

Answer 9

High glucagon, high cAMP, high protein kinase A, P inactivates PFK2, FBP2 active, cleaves F16BP to F6P (GNG)

High insulin, low cAMP, active PFK2, makes F26BP, activates PK1, glycolysis

Question 10

Pyruvate can turn into:
Lactate via __________ (enzyme)
Acetyl CoA via _________
oxaloacetate via ________

Answer 10

lactate dehydrogenase
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
pyruvate carboxylase

Question 11

Pyruvate to lactate yields ______

Answer 11

NAD+.

Question 12

What is net yield of NADH when glucose to lactate? Net ATP?

Answer 12

0. 2.

Question 13

Pyruvate –> Acetyl CoA, ____, _____

Answer 13

CO2, NADH

Question 14

What cofactors does PDH complex require?

Answer 14

COA
TPP
Lipoic Acid
FAD
NAD+
nad's fad was to tp, and get barbaCOA on his lip.

Question 15

Describe the tight regulation of PDH complex. Is it cAMP dependent or independent?

Answer 15

ACoA and NADH activate a kinase, which phosphorylates PDH, inactivating it.
ADP inhibits the kinase. Or phosphatase comes. PDH not phosphorylated. Thus PDH active.
cAMP independent.

Question 16

Glucose to G6P.

Answer 16

hexokinase or glucokinase (liver)

Question 17

G6P to F6P

Answer 17

phosphoglucose isomerase

Question 18

F6P to F16BP.

Answer 18

phosphofructokinase 1 PFK1

Question 19

F16BP to G3P and DHAP.

Answer 19

aldolase.

Question 20

DHAP to G3P.

Answer 20

Triose phosphate isomerase

Question 21

F6P to F26BP. What does F26BP upregulate?

Answer 21

PFK2. upregulates PK1.

Question 22

G3P to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate.

Answer 22

G3P dehydrogenase.

Question 23

1,3 BPG to 2,3 BPG.

Answer 23

Mutase.

Question 24

1,3 BPG to 3 Phosphoglycerate.

Answer 24

Phosphoglycerate kinase.

Question 25

3 Phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate.

Answer 25

phosphoglycero mutase.

Question 26

2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

Answer 26

Enolase.

Question 27

PEP to pyruvate.

Answer 27

pyruvate kinase 1.

Question 28

What is the net gain of one ACoA into TCA?

Answer 28

3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 GTP

Question 29

What is the net gain of pyruvate to ACoA?

Answer 29

NADH.

Question 30

Citrate is a precursor for ______.

Answer 30

FA, cholesterol. (anapleurotic).

Question 31

Citrate inhibits what enzyme in glycolysis?

Answer 31

PFK1.

Question 32

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase? Activates it.

Answer 32

inhibits: high energy shit, NADH and ATP. activates: ADP, Ca2+

Question 33

What inhibits alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

Answer 33

NADH, succinyl coa

Question 34

What are the cofactors of PDH and aketoglutarate DH complex?

Answer 34

nad's fad was tp'ing and barbaCOA on his Lips.

Question 35

T or F. Amino acids can be building blocks for aketoglutarate, succinyl coa, fumarate, OAA and pyruvate.

Answer 35

True.