Thompson 1 Flashcards
Which vitamins are water soluble? fat soluble?
B and C water soluble (huge vit B supplements, vit C tablets)
A, D, E Fat soluble.
Delta G of ATP is
-7.3 kcal/mol
What are some functions of the liver?
FA synthesis GNG AA synthesis/breakdown Urea synthesis cholesterol synthesis
Where is steroid hormone synthesis located?
adrenal cortex, gonads
What is an isomer? epimer? enantiomer?
isomer: same formula, diff structure
epimer: isomer that differs OH position on one asymmetric carbon
Enantiomer: mirror image isomers (D L sugars) (most in D form)
What is a reducing sugar?
When oxygen on anomeric carbon not bound to anything (eg noncyclic), then it can react with chemical reagents and become oxidized to carboxylic acid.
A glycosidic bond can be between the OH group of one carb and the ____ group or ____ group of another carb.
OH, NH3 (amino group)
What is a sugar alcohol, sugar acid, and amino sugar?
Sugar alcohol: no aldehyde/ketone
Sugar acid: has carboxylic acid (COOH)
amino sugar: has amino group instead of hydroxyl (can be acetylated)
What is the difference between an alpha and beta anomeric carbon?
alpha has OH of anomeric carbon axial down
beta has OH of anomeric carbon equatorial up
Specialized enzymes from intestinal epithelial cells brush border have enzymes that digest carbs. Name 4.
isomaltase
glucoamylase
lactase
sucrase
Glucose enters epithelial cells via primary active transport.
False. 2ndary active transport. NA pumped out of cell so that NA can enter cell via gradient, cotransports glucose.
Glut 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Name location for each.
Glut 1: all cells
Glut 2: liver, kidney (glucose, galactose and fructose absorb)
Glut 3: neurons
Glut 4: muscles, adipose tissue (insulin dependent)
Glut 5: enterocytes of small intestine and others (insulin independent) (fructose uptake)
Lactose intolerance due to _______ deficiency.
Lactase.
What is a diagnostic test for lactose intolerance?
H2 in breath elevated.
